WERA81: Systems to Improve End-use Quality of Wheat

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[08/08/2002] [08/04/2003] [12/04/2003] [06/30/2004] [08/05/2005] [03/17/2006]

Date of Annual Report: 08/08/2002

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/23/2002 - 01/26/2002
Period the Report Covers: 07/01/2001 - 06/01/2002

Participants

First Last Organization
Alice Andlovec Kraft Foods NA
Tim Aschbrenner Cereal Food Processors
Byung-Kee Baik WSU Food Science
Kerry Balow Washington State University
Bob Bankhead Kraft Foods NA
Michael Barnett Cargill Flour Milling
Kurt D. Becker ConAgra Flour Milling
Charles P. Berry KRUSTEAZ Continental Mills Inc.
Art Bettge USDA Western Wheat Quality Lab
Lynn Blair Washington Wheat Commission
Steve Buckholdt Fisher Mills Inc.
John Burns WSU Dept of Crop and Soil Sciences
Brady Carter Washington State University
Dale R. Clark Western Plant Breeders
Shyrl Clawson USU Dept. of Plants Soils & Biometeorology
Patricia Dailey Idaho Wheat Commission
Jeff Daniels Central Milling
Victor DeMacon Washington State University
Doug Engle Western Wheat Quality Laboratory
Robert Fesler Cargill Flour Milling
John Flemm USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service
Bob French ADM Milling Company
Diane Gannon Nabisco Brands
Keith Giusto Central Milling
Mary Guttieri University of Idaho
Debra Habernicht PSPP
Scott Haley Dept. of Agronomy
Tracey Harris Washington State University
David Hole USU Dept. of Plants Soils & Biometeorology
Gary Hou Wheat Marketing Center
Kerry Huber University of Idaho Food Science & Toxicology
Barry Johnson Nabisco Brands
Holly Johnson Western Plant Breeders
Deborah Jones Pendleton Flour Mills
Gary Joyce ADM Milling Company
Kim Kidwell Washington State University
Thomas Koehler University of Idaho Plant Science
Mike Kortge Oregon Wheat Commission
Meera Kweon Nabisco Brands
Bon Lee Wheat Marketing Center
Harry Levine Nabisco Brands
Shawn A. Lindhorst ADM Milling
Lynn Little USDA-ARS
Kaleen Long KRUSTEAZ Continental Mills Inc.
Dan McKay Washington Wheat Commission
Naomi McKay Continental Mills
Adelmo Monsalve General Mills Inc.
Craig Morris Western Wheat Quality Laboratory
Jim Murry Pendleton Flour Mill
Linhda Nguyen KRUSTEAZ Continental Mills Inc.
John Oades U.S. Wheat Associates
Katherine O'Brien University of Idaho
Maureen Olewnik American Institute of Baking
C. James Peterson Oregon State University
James Quick Dept. of Soil & Crop Science
Gary Redman ConAgra Flour Milling
Pat Reisenauer WSU Dept of Crop and Soil Sciences
Jay Romsa General Mills Inc.
Tana Rosebrook Oregon Wheat Commission
Andrew Ross Oregon State University
Boyd Schwieder Idaho Wheat Commission
Gary Shelton Washington State University
Louise Slade Nabisco Brands
Wes Snow Integrated Bakery Resources
Edward J. Souza University of Idaho Experiment Station
Mary Verhoeven Oregon State University
Glen Weaver Con Agra Flour Milling Co.
Eric Zakarison Washington Wheat Commission

Brief Summary of Minutes

Western Regional Committee-81for Wheat Improvement

Annual Meeting

January 24, 2002

Carson City, Nevada

Advisor: Dr. James Quick

Chairperson: Dr. James Peterson

Vice Chairperson: Dr. Kim Campbell

Secretary: Mr. Brady Carter

MINUTES

President Jim Peterson brought meeting to order. Jim introduced the current advisor and presidency. Time was given to Jim Quick, who acknowledged the role of Doug Engle in organizing the meetings. The group then made introductions.

Jim then turned the time over to the researchers to give their reports.

Reports from each researcher follow as separate attachments. Order of reports:

1) Ed Souza

2) Brady Carter

3) Craig Morris

4) Jim Peterson

5) David Hole

6) Gary Hou

7) Dale Clark

8) Byungkee Baik

Agripro reported that they are in the process of producing a soft white wheat with the Clearfield technology. They will be moving into the PNW next year, but will be several years before full presence felt in the PNW.

Monsanto reported that they have decided to put roundup ready wheat on hold and look for release of roundup ready spring wheat in 2004 or 2005. The delay is due to lack of consumer acceptance in export markets.

General Mills reported that they continue to develop there identity preserved marketing system and that their launch of Clearfield wheat in conjunction with NW plant breeders is up in the air.

John Flemm of FGIS provided an update on the status of Hard White wheat. FGIS has no plans of adopting the Single Kernel technology and continues to determine hard vs soft based on appearance. In addition, due to difficulties in the Midwest in grading hard white color, color restrictions were loosened last year to create an amber hard class. These changes may or may not remain next year. John also reported that FGIS is having difficulty separating hard white wheat from soft white wheat in the PNW. FGIS will not start utilizing the single kernel analyzer until industry tells them to. John also reported that Sodium Hydroxide cannot be used to differentiate hard red out of hard white, but can be used to separate hard white from hard red.

In addition, Bon Lee presented a report on the quality of hard red spring wheat in the PNW. This work was done in cooperation with an unnamed company from overseas. A copy of the report can be found attached separately

Andrew Ross was voted in as Secretary for WRC-81 for 2003 meeting.

Meeting was closed at 12:00 PM

Accomplishments

CY2001 WCC-81 Accomplishments WCC-81 Idaho Report, 2001 Edward Souza University of Idaho Project Staff: Mary Guttieri, Cecile Becker, Leland Sorensen, Jack Clayton Cultivars Proposed for Release: IDO517 (HRW): IDO517 hard red winter wheat is a high yielding wheat adapted to irrigated production systems. It is a stiff-strawed cultivar, highly resistant to lodging, with adult plant resistance to stripe rust. IDO517 is higher in protein percentage to Garland and Boundary. Lodging resistance in IDO517 is superior to Boundary and Stephens. IDO517 is not resistant to dwarf bunt and should not be produced in the rainfed production areas of the Cache and Pocatello Valleys. IDO517 has good winter-hardiness, but limited snow mold tolerance. The quality of IDO517 protein is superior to all current irrigated hard red winter wheats grown in the Pacific Northwest. IDO517 flour produces high loaf volumes and strong mixing characteristics. IDO517 is in foundation seed production and targeted for release in 2002. IDO517 has been submitted to the PNW wheat quality council for evaluation this year. IDO556 (Spring Club): IDO556 is a short, stiff-strawed, early maturing spring club wheat adapted to all production systems in the Pacific Northwest. IDO556 has seedling stripe rust resistance and adult plant leaf rust resistance. Yields of IDO556 are superior to Calorwa, but approximately 10% below the highest yielding soft white spring common wheats. Quality of IDO556 is consistent with Pacific Northwest club wheats. IDO556 is targeted for reseeding of winter-killed fields and spring seeding when club wheat premiums justify the lower yielding club class. IDO556 is in breeder=s seed production this year and targeted for release in 2003. IDO556 has been submitted to the PNW wheat quality council for evaluation this year. IDO526 (SWS): IDO526 is a high-yielding, stiff-strawed, medium maturity wheat adapted to southern Idaho irrigated and rainfed production and northern Idaho rainfed production where Hessian Fly is not a yield-limiting factor. IDO526 has excellent resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust. IDO526 has demonstrated excellent potential for export markets in which the partial-waxy characteristic is important, particularly when coupled with strong gluten strength, and where the excellent color stability of IDO526 is a requirement. IDO526 is agronomically equivalent to Penawawa in high yield, irrigated environments and superior in rainfed environments. The improved milling performance, cookie quality, and color stability of IDO526 relative to Penawawa justify its release as a replacement cultivar. Foundation seed of IDO526 will be available upon its release in Fall 2002. IDO526 was evaluated by the PNW wheat quality council in January 2000. Leona (SWS): Leona is a waxy soft white wheat with low polyphenol oxidase activity. It has moderate yield potential. It is being used for product and process development to facilitate generating a market for a full amylopectin soft wheat. Contract production through the University of Idaho is anticipated to continue for the next two to three years as demand dictates. Leona will be placed in regional testing for use by other Pacific Northwest wheat researchers in 2002. Evaluation Methods Within the soft white wheat class, we have de-emphasized selection for softness using NIR and SKCS evaluation. We reached this decision following examination of heritability and selection studies among soft wheats that indicated that NIR and SKCS softness are poor predictors of end-use quality, once hard wheats and heterogeneous lines have been discarded. Within the soft wheat program, we now employ a graduated selection scheme, beginning in early generations with whole-grain sodium carbonate solvent retention capacity and SDS sedimentation test. Evaluations of quality of lines in initial, unreplicated yield testing now employ sodium carbonate and lactic acid SRC evaluation of untempered, Brabender Jr.-milled flour. Breeding lines in replicated yield testing are evaluated using standard AACC milling and sugar snap cookie tests, as well as water, sodium carbonate, sucrose, and lactic acid SRC tests. Hard wheat evaluation. The hard wheat evaluation continues as we have for many years. We are de-emphasizing the partial waxy characteristic within hard white wheats. We continue to emphasize full breadmaking functionality and noodle color in hard white wheats. We are concluding the study funded by the Fund for Rural American to characterize the influence of genotypic and management variables on noodle and bread production. WCC-81 Montana Report, 2001 Debra Habernicht, Montana State University Collaborators: L.E. Talbert (Spring Wheat Breeder) P.L. Bruckner (Winter Wheat Breeder), Mike Giroux (Small Grain Quality) Jack Martin (Plant Sciences) Spring Wheat Program Personnel: Luther Talbert, Susan Lanning, Nancy Blake, Jamie Sherman, Arunrut Vanichanon, Jason Cook and Kelly Hansen. The goal of the spring wheat breeding program is to develop varieties with high yielding potential, high grain protein, and improved milling and baking qualities. Primary objectives are to incorporate better resistance to the wheat stem sawfly and diseases, especially WSMV, while maintaining superior end-use quality. They continue to breed these traits into both hard red and hard white spring wheats. Hard red spring wheat is the primary emphasis. Winter Wheat Program Personnel: Phil Bruckner, Jim Berg, Ron Ramsfield The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, Russian wheat aphid, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. Cultivar releases. MT9426 (pedigree: MT8030/Neeley) a high-yielding, medium to late maturity hard red winter wheat line with excellent cold tolerance is proposed for release in 2003. MT9426 has excellent on-farm production characteristics and excellent baking characteristics. MT9426 is targeted toward acreage currently planted to Neeley HRW wheat. Based on high yield potential and excellent end-use quality, MTR9997 (PI262605/MT7863// Redwin), MT9989 (Blizzard/Arapahoe), MT9982 (Promontory/Judith), MT9951 (Tiber/ Centurk), and MT9904 (MT85200/Tiber) are being purified for potential release. Two solid-stemmed lines, MTS0031 (MTS92015// Vanguard/Norstar) and MTS0023 (MTS92021//Judith/ Arapahoe), have performed exceptionally well over the past two years. These lines have improved yield potential, test weight and stem solidness. MTS0031 has grain protein similar to Rampart, while protein of MTS0023 is similar to Morgan. Headrow purification of both lines has been initiated for future release. Both lines will be tested extensively in Montana during the 2002 crop year. Small Grain Quality Personnel: Mike Giroux, Eric Smidansky, Brian Beecher, Fletcher Meyer and Jack Martin The small grain quality groups research efforts are focused on yield and quality related genes. This has entailed studies encompassing basic cereal chemistry as well as plant biotechnology. One area of research is the wheat puroindolines. We are interested in examining the role these proteins play in cereal quality and plant seed fungal resistance. We have conducted numerous experiments indicating that seemingly minor sequence variation in these genes significantly impacts cereal quality parameters. We have demonstrated the ability of the puroindolines to modify both grain texture and the susceptibility of seeds to fungal decay. A second area of our research focuses on increasing agronomic yield without sacrificing protein content or quality. Our experiments involve increasing the rate of endosperm starch biosynthesis by modifying starch biosynthetic enzymes such as ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase. We have conducted greenhouse and preliminary field yield trials of transgenic wheat that have indicated significant yield enhancement by the seed specific transgene. We have not found significant changes in seed related parameters such as seed size or protein content. Wheat Quality Evaluation Personnel: Debra Habernicht, Jackie Kennedy, Harvey TeSlaa, Curt Foster, and Deanna Nash The Cereal Quality Laboratory researches end-use properties of cereal grains. Emphasis is on flour milling and bread baking traits of hard red and hard white wheats. Standard quality evaluations for these hard wheats include grain protein, milling (flour yield), flour ash, flour protein and moisture, SDS-Sedimentation (early generation material), mixograph and 100 g pup loaf bread bakes. In addition, the growing interest in the use of hard white wheat for the Asian noodle market has instituted noodle quality evaluation. All hard white wheats (and some red winter wheats) are also evaluated for polyphenol oxidase reaction, Chinese raw noodle score, sheet color and noodle texture and cooking tolerance. End-use quality of hard red and hard white spring wheat contaminated with grain of contrasting classes. Habernicht, D.K., J. M. Martin, L.E. Talbert. Short growing seasons and lack of water limit the number of crops that can be productively grown in the Northern Great Plains, with wheat being uniquely adapted to the region. Growers interested in diversification of their operations are increasingly growing more than one class of wheat to target different markets. This has led to the challenge of maintaining class purity in that contamination with alternate classes results in lower prices to the farmer, with the primary rationale being that mixtures may have poor end-use quality. In these experiments, we tested hard red spring wheat and hard white spring wheat contaminated with different levels of soft white spring wheat, durum wheat, hulless barley, and the hard wheat of the alternate kernel color for milling and baking quality. Our results showed that contamination of hard red and hard white spring wheat with soft white wheat and hulless barley often influenced end-use quality, with flour yield being negatively impacted at relatively low levels. Loaf volume was normally only effected at higher levels. Durum wheat contamination caused fewer quality problems, and generally at higher levels of contamination. Contamination of hard red or hard white wheat by hard wheat of the alternate color class rarely impacted quality, and impacts were both positive and negative depending on quality attributes of the pure samples. Growers wishing to diversify by growing both hard red and hard white wheat would benefit were buyers and end-users willing to accept higher levels of contamination for alternate classes that are unlikely to cause problems in eventual end-use. Effects of divergent selection for PPO in winter wheat. Jack Martin, Phil Bruckner, Jim Berg, Debra Habernicht and Curt Foster Experiments are being conducted to examine the effect of selection for high versus low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) on 1) agronomic traits, and 2) bread and noodle quality traits in winter wheat. Lines with high or low PPO were selected within eight winter wheat crosses (33 high and 33 low PPO lines, varying from 4 to 6 for each cross). The 66 lines plus six varieties (72 entries) were grown in a replicated field trial at Bozeman in harvest year 2000 and 2001 and at Conrad and Huntley in harvest year 2001. Agronomic data were collected at the four environments, bread and noodle quality data were obtained in MSU Cereal Quality Laboratory on grain from the 2000 environment during 2001. Preliminary results Divergent selection for PPO did not influence important agronomic traits such as grain yield and test weight. However, low PPO lines headed about one day later than high PPO lines. Lines selected for low PPO tended to have higher protein than those with high PPO for all environments except Huntley. PPO differences did not impact important milling, bread quality, and noodle texture characteristics. PPO levels had greatest impact on noodle color profile after 24 hours where low PPO noodles had higher brightness, yellowness and redness values than high PPO noodles. Noodle brightness was more stable over time for low PPO lines than for high PPO lines. In contrast, yellowness and redness values changed more with time for the low PPO group. Results were consistent across crosses for the noodle color characteristics, but individual crosses varied in their results for most other traits. WCC-81 Oregon Report, 2001 J. Peterson, Oregon State University In fall, 2000, the hard white winter >Ivory= reselection OR850513-19 was advanced to Foundation seed production. OR850513-19 had shown the best protein quality among all the Ivory reselections we had evaluated. It was dropped from further consideration this past summer, however, due to high levels of susceptibility to Stripe rust. The remaining Ivory reselections also have been shelved, primarily due to inadequate protein quality. We have not lessened our commitment to hard white development; rather, we are moving new populations forward to address critical deficiencies in our hard white germplasm base. Improving protein quality and noodle color, as related to PPO activity, are critical to developing hard whites for multi-product applications. Moderate levels of bread quality also are needed to satisfy domestic expectations and product needs. Other traits of concern include winterhardiness, as much of our hard white base was derived from spring x winter crosses, and inadequate Pseudocercosporella footrot resistance. In response, we are currently fast-tracking high-priority hard white cross combinations. We expect to have numerous F3 and F4 plant rows and populations in the field next fall from 3-way crosses of (OSU HWW=s) x (Plains HRW and HWW) x OR943575. These combinations should provide us with means to simultaneously improve protein quality, winterhardiness, and noodle color, while capturing the high yield, broad adaptation, low PPO, and footrot resistance of our hard white selection OR943575. Six hard white wheat selections were advanced to either State-wide Variety Trial or Regional Nursery testing; including OR941048, OR942496, OR953475, OR952577, OR9900384, and OR850513-8. The hard white selections OR942496 and OR941048 have been entered in the Asian Products Collaborative sponsored by the Wheat Marketing Center. OR941048, from the cross ‘ID 80-628/3/CER/YMH/HYS/4/CER/YMH/HYS‘, has shown promising yield potential, intermediate to low PPO activity, and moderate protein quality. OR942496 is a hard white selection from a spring x winter cross combination and is now in the State-wide variety trials and regional testing. It has also shown promising agronomic potential, but has questionable end-use quality attributes. Results from a second year of Asian product evaluations with the Wheat Marketing Center generated more questions than answers. Lines in the 2000 Hard White Elite Nursery were evaluated for Chinese raw noodles, steam bread, and pan breads using grain samples from multiple locations and varying protein contents. For the 2000 grain samples, here was little consistency in results or varietal ranks over locations for product attributes. Product color was generally less than acceptable, possibly related to high ash or bran contamination during milling. Samples from the 2001 HW-Elite will be milled and submitted for product testing this spring. Additional biochemical analyses are anticipated as we try to understand basis for variations in product quality. Over 150 hard white wheat samples from the 2000 Hard White Elite Nursery were submitted to USDA-GIPSA-FGIS in January of 2001 for visual classification. The majority of samples graded ‘soft white‘ for visual kernel attributes such as color and shape. The results confirm the serious nature of classification and segregation problems in the PNW; problems that will only increase as hard white wheat production increases. Samples from the 2001 trials have now been submitted to FGIS for further evaluation and classification. As new hard white varieties are readied for release, it will be important that either FGIS can visually identify the variety, or that we work with FGIS to develop more objective tests for the industry. Support from Craig Morris and the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Lab in evaluating our preliminary and advanced breeding lines is gratefully acknowledged. Through their testing efforts, we have begun to partition our soft white selections into ‘quality subclasses‘ to target specific market needs and opportunities. With recent arrival of Andrew Ross, OSU Cereal Chemist, we are reevaluating our quality research program and market development efforts. We anticipate several new end-use quality research thrusts to be established, in addition to redefining and reinvigorating our hard white wheat variety development program. WCC-81 USDA Genetics Report, Pullman, Washington K. Campbell, USDA Wheat production in the Pacific Northwest accounts for 85% of the total soft white wheat, and 100% of the soft white club wheat produced in the U.S. Soft white wheat, particularly club wheat, is a major export crop with approximately 70-80% exported annually. Export customers demand a consistent supply of high quality wheat. Wheat growers want to reduce production costs and use environmentally sound farming practices. In order to give U.S. farmers the competitive edge in a difficult market, we must continue to develop wheat cultivars and germplasm that require few additional inputs and produce excellent quality grain. Our goal is to develop high quality, high yielding club wheat cultivars that possess better milling quality than their predecessors, in addition to resistance to major biotic and abiotic production risks. Our single most significant accomplishment during the reporting period is the identification of quantitative trait loci associated with milling and baking quality traits in wheat. This research will allow us to use marker-assisted selection for quality traits and obtain increased product quality from crosses among wheat market classes. Interclass crosses are necessary because genetic sources of resistance to production risks are frequently found outside of club wheat. By using the information of the locations of quality genes, we can simultaneously improve end use quality and resistance to disease, and temperature stress. Two new cultivars were released. Chukar winter club wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the USDA-ARS with assistance from the Washington Agricultural Experiment Station and the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. It was released in September of 2001 because of its combination of yield potential, and disease resistance with the quality characteristics desired for the club wheat market class. Yields of Chukar have been equal to or up to 5% better than those of >Coda= club wheat and >Madsen= soft white winter wheat over five years of multi-location yield trials in the Pacific Northwest. The test weight of Chukar has been good. Chukar is best suited to the intermediate to high rainfall zones of Washington State and North Idaho. Chukar is resistant to strawbreaker foot rot (caused by Tapesia yallundae Wallwork & Spooner) and carries the Pch1 gene for resistance, derived from Roazon. Chukar is resistant to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici). and moderately resistant to Powdery Mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em.Marchal ). Chukar is moderately susceptible to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and susceptible to dwarf bunt (caused by Tilletia controversa K|hn in Rabenh. Ergot). The end use quality of Chukar is excellent as compared with other club wheat varieties. Chukar is a compliment to the club wheat >Hiller= in intermediate to high rainfall environments when foot rot is a problem. It has exhibited consistent and stable yields, most likely because it possesses resistance to multiple diseases. Finch soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the USDA-ARS with assistance from the Washington Agricultural Experiment Station and the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and released in February 2001. It was released because of its combination of yield potential, and disease resistance with the excellent end-use quality characteristics desired for soft white wheat in the Pacific North West. The relatively late maturity of Finch and Chukar relative to Stephens may limit their adaptability in North East Oregon. Both have performed well in yield trials conducted in Oregon from 2000-2001, however WCC-81 USDA WWWQL, Pullman, WA, Report, 2001 Craig F. Morris The WWQL continues to focus on highly-heritable traits that confer superior quality, and the cooperative development of wheat germplasm and cultivars. The primary areas of research involve kernel texture, PPO polyphenol oxidase), starch quality, noodle quality, and cookie quality. See publications list. WCC-81 Washington Report, CY 2001 Brady Carter Washington State University Collaborators: K.K. Kidwell (Spring Wheat Breeder), S.S. Jones (Winter Wheat Breeder), Kim Campbell (USDA Wheat Breeder) Craig Morris (Western Wheat Quality Lab) Spring Wheat Program Personnel: K. Kidwell, M. McClendon, V. DeMacon Early Generation, End-Use Quality Assessment of F4 Head Rows: More than 2200 entries were selected from among 24,800 F4 head rows planted in the field based on plant type, maturity and disease resistance (Table 3). Following harvest, grain was visually inspected for plumpness, grain color and texture. Selections with sound grain were then sorted by market class and subjected to a specific quality assessment strategy depending on market class and end-use goals using a 10g grain sample per entry. Each sample was ground into whole meal flour using a UDY grinder. Grain protein content and grain hardness values were determined using NIR. Microsed tests were conducted to assess protein quality and gluten strength for lines targeted for bread baking purposes (Table 3). Solvent Retention Capacity (SRC) tests were used to evaluate soft white common and club wheat quality. Results from these analyses were used to eliminate lines with unacceptable end-use quality potential prior to selecting entries for field evaluations in 2002. Since a negative relationship does not exist between superior end-use quality of wheat grain and grain yield, we do not expect to hinder our ability to improve the grain yield potential of future spring wheat variety releases by implementing early generation selection strategies for end-use quality into the breeding program. Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS): A wheat microsatellite marker associated with a chromosomal segment that confers a 1-2% grain protein content (GPC) increase in two donor lines, GluPro and ND683, was identified, then a strategy was developed to rapidly move this segment into adapted germplasm through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Initial crosses between the protein segment donor parents and the adapted hard red varieties Scarlet and Tara were made in 1998. The goal is to recover lines nearly identical to Scarlet and Tara with the addition of the increased GPC segment from the donor parents. BC5F3 lines, containing 99% of the genes from the WSU lines and 1% of the genes from the donor parents, including the high protein segment, were developed using this strategy, and this material was evaluated in the field in 2001. Grain protein content information has been collected, and we are in the process of confirming the presence of the high protein segment in this material. BC5F4 selections from 2001 will be advanced to 2002 field trials, and BC6F2 lines containing the high protein segment also will be evaluated in the field in 2002. Progress has been hindered due to difficulty associated with using this microsatellite marker to distinguish between lines that are homozygous and heterozygous for the high protein segment. We are currently evaluating additional markers in this region as possible candidates for use in MAS. Results All (100%) of our early generation (<F4) breeding material was pre-screened for end-use quality potential prior to making selections for advancement to 2002 field trials through precision breeding efforts. Through precision breeding the spring club, >Eden=, and the first WSU hard white variety, >Macon=, were identified as having superior end-use quality potential prior to field evaluation. All of our recent variety releases (>Scarlet=, >Zak=, >Tara=, Eden, Macon and the potential release >Hollis= (WA7859) have excellent to exceptional end-use quality. In addition, all of these lines have acceptable to exceptional agronomic performance. Registered seed of Zak will be available in 2002. Foundation seed of Tara, Macon and potentially WA7900 will be available in 2002. Winter Wheat Program Personnel: Steve Jones, Steve Lyon, Carrie The winter wheat program emphasizes varieties that combine superior yields, disease resistance, and end-use quality. Breeding lines from the major winter market classes in the PNW are currently being evaluated with an emphasis on hard red and hard white winter varieties. A combination of agronomic performance assessment and early generation quality testing is used to screen F4 and F5 generation lines. Once poor quality lines have been discarded, the remaining lines are heavily scrutinized for agronomic performance. The overall goal is to only release varieties that have both excellent end-use quality and higher yields than current varieties. New Eltan type hard red and hard white winter varieties are showing excellent potential and may be ready for release in 3 years. These lines consistently outperform Eltan in field trials and preliminary testing indicates that they have acceptable bread-baking quality and great potential for noodle processing. In addition, work is in progress to develop soft white winter wheats that are similar to Eltan, but resistant to foot rot disease. Other work focuses on developing varieties that are resistant to Cephalosporium stripe disease and determining which varieties are best suited for organic production. Wheat Quality Evaluation Personnel: Brady Carter, Tracy Harris The WSU wheat quality program and the Western Wheat Quality Lab cooperate to test over 5000 breeding lines each year. These breeder lines come from each of the market classes and no one market class requires the same set of quality tests. Consequently, a variety of tests must be performed at the quality lab and personnel must be trained to perform a multitude of different tasks. Cookie and cake baking qualities are emphasized in soft wheats while bread baking and noodle quality are emphasized in the hard wheats. The Washington State University Wheat Quality Program (WSUWQP) emphasizes quality-testing service to the breeders. Efforts focus on increasing the efficiency of testing WSU lines, summarizing the data in a meaningful way, and then disseminating the results in a timely manner. The WSUWQP also focuses on developing new techniques that can either be used in early generations to screen out poor lines or in later generations to predict performance in a particular end-use product. Other efforts focus on identifying characteristics important to end-users and using that information to recognize varieties that are particularly suited for a specific market. Finally, the WSUWQP has assumed the role as the extension source for quality information and discusses with the growers of the State the importance of growing varieties with good end-use quality. Food Science Personnl: Byung-Kee Baik Chemistry and processing of cereal grains and legumes Current research topics 1) Influence of amylose content of wheat on bread quality and on textural properties of white salted noodles. 2) Influences of protein content and quality of wheat on processing and product properties of Asian noodles 3) Color and discoloration of barley-based food products. 4) Isolation, characterization and utilization of legume cotyledon fiber. 5) Bleaching of green peas: Seed components responsible for or related to loss of green color

Publications

Guttieri, M.J. D. Bowen, D. Gannon, K. O=Brien, and E. Souza. Solvent retention capacity of irrigated soft white spring wheat flours. Crop Sci. 41:1054-1061. Baley, G. J., L. E. Talbert, J. M. Martin, M. J. Young, D. K. Habernicht, G. D. Kushnak, J. E. Berg, S. P. Lanning, and P. L. Bruckner. 2001. Agronomic and end-use qualities of wheat streak mosaic virus resistant spring wheat. Crop Sci. 41:1779-1784. Beecher, B., E.D. Smidansky, D. See, T.K. Blake, and M.J. Giroux. 2001. Mapping and sequence analysis of barley puroindolines. Theor. Appl. Genet.102:833-840. Bruckner, P. L., D. Habernicht, G. R. Carlson, D. M. Wichman, and L. E. Talbert. 2001. Comparative bread quality of white flour and whole grain flour for hard red spring and winter wheat. Crop Sci. 41:1917-1920. Habernicht, D. K., J. E. Berg, G. R. Carlson, D. M. Wichman, G. D. Kushnak, K. D. Kephart, J. M. Martin, and P. L. Bruckner. 2002. Pan bread and raw Chinese noodle qualities in hard winter wheat genotypes grown in water-limited environments. Crop Sci. (in press). Habernicht, D.K., J.M. Martin, L.E. Talbert. End-use quality of hard red and hard white spring wheat contaminated with grain of contrasting classes. AACC (in press). Hannah LC, J.R. Shaw, M.J. Giroux, A. Reyss, J.L. Prioul, J.M. Bae, J.Y. Lee (2001) Maize genes encoding the small subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Plant Physiology 127(1):173-83. Holen, D. L., P. L. Bruckner, J. M. Martin, G. R. Carlson, D. M. Wichman, and J. E. Berg. 2001. Response of winter wheat to simulated stand reduction. Agron. J. 93:364-370. Krishnamurthy, K., C. Balconi, J.E. Sherwood and M. Giroux. (2001). Increased tolerance to fungal diseases of rice plants transformed with puroindoline genes. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14:1255-1260. Krishnamurthy, K., and M.J. Giroux. 2001. Expression of wheat puroindoline genes in transgenic rice confers grain softness. Nature Biotechnology 19:162-166. Martin, J.M., R.C. Frohberg, C.F. Morris, L.E. Talbert, and M.J. Giroux. (2001) Milling and bread baking traits associated with puroindoline sequence type in hard red spring wheat. Crop Science 41:228-234. Morris, C.F., M. Lillemo, G.M. Simeon, M.J. Giroux, S. Babb, and K. Kidwell. (2001) Prevalence of puroindoline grain hardness mutations among historical wheats. Crop Science 41:218-228. Smidansky, E.D., M. Clancy, F.D. Meyer, S.P. Lanning, N.K. Blake, L.E. Talbert, and M.J. Giroux. (2002) Enhanced ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase Activity in Wheat Endosperm Increases Seed Yield. 12/2001 PNAS, in press. Campbell, K.G., Finney, P., Bergman, C.J., Gaulbaerto, D.G., Anderson, J.A., Hareland, G., Siritunga, D., Giroux, M., Jian Sorrells, M.A., and Finney, P.L. 2001. Quantitative trait loci for milling and baking quality in a soft x hard wheat cross. Crop Science 41:1275-1285. Demeke, T., Morris, C., Campbell, K.G., Chang, H., Anderson, J. 2001. Genetic variation and quantitative trait analysis for polyphenol oxidase in wheat. Crop Science 41: ---. Anderson, J. V. and C.F. Morris. 2001. An improved whole-seed assay for screening wheat germplasm for polyphenol oxidase activity. Crop Sci. 41:1697-1705. Demeke, T., H.-G. Chang, and C. F. Morris. 2001. Effect of germination, seed abrasion and seed size on polyphenol oxidase assay activity in wheat. Plant Breed. 120:369-373. Demeke, T., C. F. Morris, K. G. Campbell, G. E. King, J. A. Anderson, and H.-G. Chang. 2001. Wheat polyphenol oxidase: distribution and genetic mapping in three inbred line populations. Crop Sci. 41:1750-1757. Jones, S. S., T. D. Murry, S. R. Lyon, C. F. Morris, and R. F. Line. 2001. Registration of Bruehl wheat. Crop Sci. 41:2006-2007. Kimball, B.A., C.F. Morris, P.J. Pinter, Jr., G.W. Wall, D.J. Hunsaker, F.J. Adamsen, R.L. LaMorte, S.W. Leavitt, T.L. Thompson, A.D. Matthias, and T.J. Brooks. 2001. Elevated CO2, drought and soil nitrogen effects on wheat grain quality. New Phytologist 150:295-303. Martin, J. M., R. C. Frohberg, C. F. Morris, L. E. Talbert, and M. J. Giroux. 2001. Milling and bread baking traits associated with puroindoline sequence type in hard red spring wheat. Crop Sci. 41:228-234. Morris, C.F., and R. E. Allan. 2001. Registration of hard and soft near-isogenic lines of hexaploid wheat genetic stocks. Crop Sci. 41:935-936. Morris, C. F., G. E. King, R. E. Allan, and M. C. Simeone. 2001. Identification and characterization of near-isogenic hard and soft hexaploid wheats. Crop Sci. 41:211-217. Morris, C. F., and C. F. Konzak. 2001. Registration of hard and soft homozygous waxy wheat germplasm. Crop Sci. 41:934-935. Morris, C. F., M. Lillemo, M. C. Simeone, M. J. Giroux, S. L. Babb, and K. K. Kidwell. 2001. Prevalence of puroindoline grain hardness genotypes among historically significant North American spring and winter wheats. Crop Sci. 41:218-228. Morris, C.F., M.C. Simeone, B.S. Gill, R.J. Mason-Gamer and M. Lillemo. 2001. Comparison of puroindoline sequences from various diploid members of the triticeae and modern cultivated hexaploid wheats. (In) Cereals 2000. Proc. 11th ICC Cereal & Bread Congress and the 50th Australian Cereal Chemistry Conf. M. Wootton, I. L. Batey, and C.W. Wrigley (eds.) Royal Australian Chemical Inst., North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. pp. 678-681. Carter, B., Campbell, K.G., Kidwell, K.K., Morris, C.F., and Gains, C. 2002. Improving gains from selection for end use quality in wheat. In Proc. 5th Annual National Wheat Industry Research Forum, 17 January 2002, Orlando, FL. National Assn. Wheat Growers. p. 39. Epstein, J., C. F. Morris, and K. C. Huber. 2002. Instrumental texture of white salted noodles prepared from recombinant inbred lines of wheat differing in the three granule bound starch synthase (Waxy) genes. J. Cereal Sci. 35:51-63. Kidwell, K.K., G.B. Shelton, V.L. DeMacon, C.F. Morris, D.A. Engle, J.W. Burns, R.F. Line, C.F. Konzak and J. Hatchett. 2002. Registration of >Zak= Wheat. Crop Sci 42:661-662. Morris, C.F. 2002. The Pacific Northwest - Land of milk and honey (and white wheat). In Proc. 5th Annual National Wheat Industry Research Forum, 17 January 2002, Orlando, FL. National Assn. Wheat Growers. p. 28-31. Beecher, B., J. Bowman, J. M. Martin, A. D. Bettge, C.F. Morris, T.K. Blake, M.J. Giroux. 2002. Hodoindolines are associated with a major endosperm texture QTL in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genome (in press). Bettge, A.D., C.F. Morris, V.L. DeMacon, and K.K. Kidwell. 2002. Adaptation of AACC Method 56-11, Solvent Retention Capacity, for use as an early generation selection tool for cultivar enhancement. Cereal Chem. 79: (In press). Demeke, T. and C.F. Morris. 2002. Molecular characterization of wheat polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Theor. Appl. Genet. (In press). Published online 22 February 2002. Kidwell, K.K., G.B. Shelton, V.L. DeMacon, J.W. Burns, B.P. Carter, C.F. Morris, X. Chen and J.H. Hatchett. 2002. Registration of >Tara= Wheat. Crop Sci. 42: (In press). Lillemo, M., M.C. Simeone, and C.F. Morris. 2002. Analysis of puroindoline a and b sequences from Triticum aestivum cv. >Penawawa= and related diploid taxa. Euphytica (in press). Morris, C.F. 2002. Puroindolines: the molecular genetic basis of wheat grain hardness. Plant Mol. Biol. 48:(5/6) (In press). Morris, C. F., and G. E. King. 2002. Registration of soft and hard red winter wheat near-isogenic sister lines of>Weston=. Crop Sci. 42:(In press).

Impact Statements

1. Discussion of four new Idaho cultivars
2. Discussion of one new MT HRWW cv and traits of two solid stem lines.
3. Discussed role of purindolinone DNA sequence use in cereal quality.
4. Shared info on effects of cereal class contamination on end-use.
5.HWWW 'Ivory' from OR removed from seed increase due to stripe rust susc.
6.Identification of QTL associated with milling and baking traits in USDA-WA.
7. Microsatellite marker associated with 1-2% increase in grain protein content.

Date of Annual Report: 08/04/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/22/2003 - 01/23/2003
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2002 - 12/01/2002

Participants

Olin Anderson WRRC-ARS-USDA 800 Buchanan St
Byung-Kee Baik WSU
Cymantha Beall California Wheat Commission
Charles P. Berry KRUSTEAZ Continental Mills Inc.
Luke Burger ADM Milling Company
Kim Campbell USDA-ARS
Dale R. Clark Western Plant Breeders
Craig Cook Western Plant Breeders
Patricia Dailey Idaho Wheat Commission
Mark Darrington Idaho Wheat Commission
Pam Doyle Kraft-Nabisco
Frances Dupont USDA Western Regional Research Center
Greg Fox Western Plant Breeders
Bob French ADM Milling Company
Diane Gannon Nabisco Biscuit & Snacks- Kraft
Margaret Gollnick WSU Winter Wheat
Mark Haar Kraft Foods NA
Scott Haley Dept. of Agronomy Colorodo State University
Hans Hayden Idaho Wheat Commission
Sam Huang California Wheat Commission
Holly Johnson Western Plant Breeders
Thomas Koehler University of Idaho Plant Science Mike Kortge Oregon Wheat Commission
Bon Lee Wheat Marketing Center
Harry Levine Nabisco Brands
Merrill Lewis Fossum Cereals 8
Shawn A. Lindhorst ADM Milling
Lynn Little USDA-ARS
Kaleen Long KRUSTEAZ Continental Mills
Bob Matchett Resource Seeds, INC
Naomi McKay KRUSTEAZ Continental Mills
Reuben McLean Pendleton Flour Milling
Mike Moran Grand Central Baking
Jim Murry Pendleton Flour Milling
Deanna Nash MSU Wheat Quality Lab
Katherine O'Brien University of Idaho
James Quick Colorado State University
Jay Romsa General Mills Inc.
Kim Shantz Western Plant Breeders
David Shelton Wheat Marketing Center
Louise Slade Nabisco Brands
Edward J. Souza University of Idaho
Catherine Torelli Kraft-Nabisco
Eric Zakarison Washington Wheat Commission
Alice Andlovec Kraft Foods NA 100 NE Columbia Blvd
Jennifer Folstad General Mills Inc. 900 Plymouth Ave North Minneapolis MN 55427
R. Don Sullins ADM Milling 8000 West 110th Street Suite 300 Overland Park KS 66210
Michael Barnett Horizon Milling 2780 G. Avenue Ogden UT 84401
Cecile Becker University of Idaho 2700 West P.O. Box AA Aberdeen ID 83210
Kurt D. Becker ConAgra Flour Milling 1521 N. 16th Omaha NE 68110-2498
Art Bettge USDA Western Wheat Quality Lab Pullman WA 99164-6394
Dan Biggerstaff Western Plant Breeders 8111 Timberline Dr Bozeman MT 59718
Ann Blechel USDA Western Regional Research Center 800 Buchanan Street Albany CA 94710
Cathy Butti Agripro Wheat 806 N. Second St. P.O. Box 30 Berthoud CO 80513
Brady Carter Washington State University zip 6420 Pullman WA 99164-6420
Scott Cooley USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service 3939 Cleveland Ave Olympia WA 98501
Doug Engle Western Wheat Quality Laboratory E 202 Food Quality Bldg Pullman WA 99164-6394
Robert Fesler Horizon Milling 2780 G. Avenue Ogden UT 84401
John Flemm USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service 3939 Cleveland Ave Olympia WA 98501
Mary Guttieri University of Idaho P.O. Box 870 Aberdeen ID 83210
Ron Heddleson General Mills Inc. 1201 North 4th Le Sueur MN 56058
Joy Hicks Agripro Wheat 806 N. Second St. P.O. Box 30 Berthoud CO 80513
David Hole USU Dept. of Plants Soils & Biometeorology 4820 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-4820
Bill Hurkman USDA Western Regional Research Center 800 Buchanan Street Rm 3006 Albany CA 94710
Craig Morris Western Wheat Quality Laboratory E 202 Food Quality Bldg Pullman WA 99164-6394
John Oades U.S. Wheat Associates 1200 N.W. Naito Pkwy Suite 600 Portland OR 97209-2800
Jae-Bom Ohm Oregon State University 107 Crop Science Bldg Corvallis OR 97331
Celeste Patena California Wheat Commission 1240 A Commerce Ave P.O. Box 2267 Woodland CA 95776
Mary Verhoeven Oregon State University Crop Science Bldg #107 Corvallis OR 97331-3002
Bob Zemetra University of Idaho PSES PO Box 442339 Moscow ID 83844-2339

Brief Summary of Minutes

Western Regional Committee-81for Wheat Improvement

Annual Meeting

January 22, 2003

Oakland, CA

Advisor: Dr. James Quick

Chairperson: Dr. Kim Campbell

Vice Chairperson: Mr. Brady Carter

Secretary: Andrew Ross

MINUTES

President Kim Campbell brought meeting to order. Kim introduced the current advisor and presidency. Time was given to Jim Quick, who acknowledged the role of Doug Engle in organizing the meetings. The group then made introductions.

Kim then turned the time over to the researchers to give their reports.

Reports from each researcher follow as separate attachments. Order of reports:

1) Ed Souza

2) Brady Carter

3) Craig Morris

4) Jim Peterson

5) David Hole

6) Gary Hou

7) Dale Clark

8) Byungkee Baik

Agripro reported that they are in the process of producing a soft white wheat with the Clearfield technology. They will be moving into the PNW next year, but will be several years before full presence felt in the PNW.

General Mills reported that they continue to develop there identity preserved marketing system and that their launch of Clearfield wheat in conjunction with NW plant breeders is up in the air.

John Flemm of FGIS provided an update on the status of Hard White wheat. FGIS has no plans of adopting the Single Kernel technology and continues to determine hard vs. soft based on appearance. In addition, due to difficulties in the Midwest in grading hard white color, color restrictions were loosened last year to create an amber hard class. These changes may or may not remain next year. John also reported that FGIS is having difficulty separating hard white wheat from soft white wheat in the PNW. FGIS will not start utilizing the single kernel analyzer until industry tells them to. John also reported that Sodium Hydroxide cannot be used to differentiate hard red out of hard white, but can be used to separate hard white from hard red.

Deanna Nash was voted in as Secretary for WRC-81 for 2004 meeting.

Meeting was closed at 12:00 PM

Accomplishments

Colorado Report Scott D. Haley, Colorado State University New Cultivars, Elite Lines ‘Ankor‘ hard red winter wheat was released in August 2002. Ankor was released because of its resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) and adaptation for dryland production in eastern Colorado and the west-central Great Plains. Ankor was selected from the crosses and backcrosses Akron/Halt//4*Akron. Field and laboratory testing has shown that Ankor has similar dryland yield, better straw strength and higher irrigated yield, higher kernel weight, more uniform kernel size distribution, and better baking quality compared to Akron. Quality Testing Scheme Quality improvement efforts currently emphasize evaluation of at all stages of the breeding pipeline. Evaluations of breeding lines and populations are done in the CSU Wheat Quality Lab (in August and during winter), at the USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Quality Lab (Manhattan, KS), and by various private industry collaborators. Idaho Aberdeen REC Edward Souza In the past year we released the soft white spring wheat Alturas (IDO526). Alturas is a medium-early soft white spring wheat with good yield stability across the Pacific Northwest. Alturas has been evaluated by Kraft/Nabisco at their Fair Lawn, NJ factory, by US Wheats Associates in the Asian Products Collaborative, and by the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council. Alturas has excellent cookie quality. Moreover, as a low polyphenol oxidase activity wheat with high starch pasting viscosity, Alturas can be used in blends with hard white wheat to improve color in most Asian noodles and improve texture of Japanese udon noodles. Moreland (IDO517) hard red winter wheat was released in the past year, following positive reviews by WRC-81 and Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council. It is an irrigated hard red winter wheat with approximately 1 to 1.5 % points higher grain protein than Boundary hard red winter wheat. Bread loaf volume, loaf volume per unit of protein, and dough mixing times for Moreland are significantly greater than for Boundary and Garland. Grain yields for Moreland are superior to Garland, yet most years are less than Boundary. MONTANA 2002 Representative: Deanna Nash Montana State University Collaborators: L.E. Talbert (Spring Wheat Breeder), P.L. Bruckner (Winter Wheat Breeder), Mike Giroux (Small Grain Quality) Jack Martin (Plant Sciences) 2002 Spring Wheat Program The objective of the spring wheat program is to produce high-yielding varieties with excellent bread-making quality. High protein, strong gluten, high bake water absorption, and high loaf volume are primary selection criteria. Outlook is a new varietal release. Outlook has shown excellent yield potential and moderately high protein across most Montana locations. Outlook is also resistant to the Russian wheat aphid. 2002 Winter Wheat Program The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, Russian wheat aphid, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. Cultivar releases. Paul (MT9426, MT8030/Neeley) a high-yielding, medium to late maturity hard red winter wheat line with excellent cold tolerance was released in 2002. Paul has excellent on-farm production characteristics and excellent baking characteristics. Paul is targeted toward acreage currently planted to Neeley HRW wheat. Small Grain Quality We have made more progress recently in the area of small grain quality related to grain texture. The puroindolines control much of the variation in grain texture between common wheat varieties. Hard wheats contain a sequence alteration in either puroindoline A or B. We have found that the addition of soft type puroindoline B to a hard wheat can complement the most common puroindoline B mutation and create a soft wheat. We have recently expanded this experiment to add both puroindoline genes to hard wheats and we now have a large number of transgenic lines varying only in puroindoline content. Oregon State University OR9900553 is a soft white winter wheat from the cross Arminda/3/VPM/MOS951// 2*Hill/5/ID#870337. The last parent, ID#870337, is a selection from complex spring x winter parentage. OR9900553 was evaluated last year by the WQC and noted as performing very well in spite of high grain protein of the 2001 sample. It is entered for a second year to evaluate its milling and baking potential at a more appropriate grain protein level. In our quality evaluations to date, OR9900553 has had very soft grain texture, superior break flour yields, and superior cookie quality. OR2010051 is a semidwarf soft white winter wheat that has just been released by the OSU Agricultural Experiment Station under the name ORCF-101. ORCF-101 possesses the ClearfieldTM herbicide resistance technology owned by BASF corporation. ORCF-101 is derived from the three-way cross CV-9804/Malcolm//OR939481. CV-9804, also known as FS-4, is the donor of the Clearfield trait, developed through mutagenesis of the cultivar Fidel. OR939481 is a selection from the cross Stephens/Madsen. Comparisons of milling quality, flour yield, protein content, and baking evaluations by the ARS-WWQL suggests that ORCF-101 has quality attributes very similar to Stephens, Madsen and Tubbs. Utah State University, Logan, UT David Hole, UMC 4820 Utah State University Deloris hard red winter wheat was released by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. Deloris was tested at the 2001 PNW wheat quality council in conjunction with WCC-81. The designation of Deloris when tested was UT203032. Continued selection in early generations based on mixograph data from 2 gm samples of bulk populations. Approximately 20% of F2 bulk populations were discarded based on poor average mixograph. Approximately 75 samples were sent to the Western Wheat Quality Lab for quality analysis. These samples reflected breeding lines and cultivar tests. USDA Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology and Disease Research unit, Pullman WA, Kim Garland Campbell and Craig Morris New Cultivars, Elite Lines Chukar winter club wheat was released by the USDA-ARS and Washington State University in Sept. 2001. The release of Chukar has also been approved by Oregon State University. It was evaluated by the PNW Quality Council in the 2002 report. Chukar performed well as a club wheat for the council. The end use quality of Chukar was evaluated at the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory in Pullman Wa for 35 location years spanning the 1997-2000 harvest years. The end use quality of Chukar is excellent as compared with other club wheat varieties. Grain protein of Chukar was 7.2%, 0.6% lower than Coda. The milling score of Chukar was 88.4, similar to Coda and better than Rely. Flour yield of Chukar was 71%, similar to Coda and Rely but break flour yield of Chukar was 53%, 1% higher than those cultivars. Cookie diameter was 9.6cm, 0.2cm greater than Coda and Rely. Sponge cake volume of Chukar was 1304cc, similar to Rely and 50cc more than Coda. Finch soft white winter wheat was released by the USDA-ARS and Washington State University in Feb. 2001. The end use quality of Finch was compared with soft white winter wheat varieties Eltan, Madsen and Stephens. The grain test weight of Finch is greater than Eltan, Madsen and Stephens (812, 802, 802, and 791 kg/m3 for Finch, Eltan, Madsen, and Stephens, respectively). Grain protein is less than Madsen and Stephens and equal to other checks. The milling performance of Finch is similar to Eltan, Madsen and Stephens (milling score of 85.6, 85.6, 85.2, and 85.0 for Finch, Eltan, Madsen and Stephens respectively. Finch has statistically superior test weight, flour yield, and break flour yield but the flour ash of Finch is higher than that of Eltan, Madsen, and Stephens. Starch is a non-waxy, low amylopectin type. The mixograph water absorption is lower than Eltan and Madsen, equal to Stephens (53, 54, 54, and 53 % for Finch, Eltan, Madsen and Stephens respectively). The cookie spread is wider than Madsen and Stephens and similar to Eltan (9.4, 9.4, 9.1, and 9.2 cm for Finch, Eltan, Madsen and Stephens respectively). The flour swelling volume of Finch is lower than that of Eltan, and Stephens and equal to Madsen. The flour RVA is significantly lower than that of Eltan, Madsen, and Stephens. Washington 2002 Representative: Brady Carter Washington State University Collaborators: K.K. Kidwell (Spring Wheat Breeder), S.S. Jones (Winter Wheat Breeder), Spring Wheat Program Personnel: K. Kidwell, M. McClendon, V. DeMacon All (100%) of our early generation (<F4) breeding material was pre-screened for end-use quality potential prior to making selections for advancement to 2002 field trials through precision breeding efforts. Through precision breeding, the hard red spring variety Hollis was identified as having superior end-use quality potential prior to field evaluation and is now submitted for full release. Winter Wheat Program Personnel: Steve Jones, Steve Lyon A new soft winter variety (WA7916) to replace the variety Rod is being presented for pre-release in 2003. In addition, new Eltan type hard red and hard white winter varieties are showing excellent potential and may be ready for release in 2 years. These lines consistently outperform Eltan in field trials and preliminary testing indicates that they have acceptable bread-baking quality and great potential for noodle processing. Wheat Quality Evaluation Personnel: Brady Carter, Tracy Harris Over 3000 breeder lines were evaluated for the 2001 crop year between the spring and winter breeding programs. Quality testing for spring samples was completed ahead of schedule by the second week of January (normal deadline is 1st of February) and testing for winter samples was completed by the 1st of June. Quality data for breeder nurseries were summarized in excel files with means and confidence intervals to aid in making selections. The quality data also was merged with yield data and combined across environments. Suggestions on selections based on end-use quality were provided with the data and in subsequent meetings. In addition, two new tests with great potential, solvent retention capacity (SRC) and thermogravimetric ash analysis, have been inserted into the standard set of quality tests for analyzing breeder lines. Feedback from the breeding programs indicates the system is working very well.

Publications

Publications for 2002-2003 Graybosch, R.A., E. Souza, W. Berzonsky, P.S. Baenziger, and O. Chung. 2003. Functional properties of waxy wheat flours: genotypic and environmental effects. J. of Cereal Sci. (In press). Souza, E.J., M.J. Guttieri, and R. McLean. 2003. Registration of Lolo wheat. Crop Sci. 43 (In press). Souza, E.J., M.J. Souza, and K. OBrien. 2003. Registration of Jubilee wheat. Crop Sci. 43 (In press). Graybosch, R.A., E. Souza, W. Berzonsky, and P.S. Baenziger. 2003. Registration of waxy spring wheat germplasm. Crop Sci. 43 (In press). Guttieri, M.J., R. McLean, S.P. Lanning, L.E. Talbert, and E.J. Souza. 2002. Assessing environmental influences on solvent retention capacity of two soft white spring wheat cultivars. Cereal Chem. 79: 880-884. Ram, S., E. Boyko, M.J. Giroux, and B.S. Gill. (2002) Null Mutation in Puroindoline A is Prevalent in Indian Wheats: Puroindoline Genes are Located in The Distal Part of Short Arm of 5D Chromosome. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Vol. 11. 1-5. Smidansky, E.D., M. Clancy, F.D. Meyer, S.P. Lanning, N.K. Blake, L.E. Talbert, and M.J. Giroux. (2002a) Enhanced ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase Activity in Wheat Endosperm Increases Seed Yield. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99:1724-1729. Beecher, B., A. Bettge, E. Smidansky, and M.J. Giroux (2002a) Expression of Wild-Type pinB Sequence in Transgenic Wheat Complements a Hard Phenotype. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105:870-877. Beecher, B., J. Bowman, J.M. Martin, A.D. Bettge, C.F. Morris, T.K. Blake, and M.J. Giroux (2002b) Hordoindolines are associated with a major endosperm texture QTL in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Genome 45:584-591. Baley, G. J., L. E. Talbert, J. M. Martin, M. J. Young, D. K. Habernicht, G. D. Kushnak, J. E. Berg, S. P. Lanning, and P. L. Bruckner. 2001. Agronomic and end-use qualities of wheat streak mosaic virus resistant spring wheat. Crop Sci. 41:1779-1784. Beecher, B., E.D. Smidansky, D. See, T.K. Blake, and M.J. Giroux. (2001) Mapping and sequence analysis of barley puroindolines. Theor. Appl. Genet. 102:833-840. Bruckner, P. L., D. Habernicht, G. R. Carlson, D. M. Wichman, and L. E. Talbert. 2001. Comparative bread quality of white flour and whole grain flour for hard red spring and winter wheat. Crop Sci. 41:1917-1920. Habernicht, D. K., J. E. Berg, G. R. Carlson, D. M. Wichman, G. D. Kushnak, K. D. Kephart, J. M. Martin, and P. L. Bruckner. 2002. Pan bread and raw Chinese noodle qualities in hard winter wheat genotypes grown in water-limited environments. Crop Sci. (in press). Habernicht, D.K., J. M. Martin, L.E. Talbert. End-use quality of hard red and hard white spring wheat contaminated with grain of contrasting classes. AACC (in press). Hannah LC, J.R. Shaw, M.J. Giroux, A. Reyss, J.L. Prioul, J.M. Bae, J.Y. Lee (2001) Maize genes encoding the small subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Plant Physiology 127(1):173-83. Holen, D. L., P. L. Bruckner, J. M. Martin, G. R. Carlson, D. M. Wichman, and J. E. Berg. 2001. Response of winter wheat to simulated stand reduction. Agron. J. 93:364-370. Krishnamurthy, K., C. Balconi, J.E. Sherwood and M. Giroux. (2001). Increased tolerance to fungal diseases of rice plants transformed with puroindoline genes. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14:1255-1260. Krishnamurthy, K., and M.J. Giroux. (2001) Expression of wheat puroindoline genes in transgenic rice confers grain softness. Nature Biotechnology 19:162-166. Martin, J.M., R.C. Frohberg, C.F. Morris, L.E. Talbert, and M.J. Giroux. (2001) Milling and bread baking traits associated with puroindoline sequence type in hard red spring wheat. Crop Science 41:228-234. Morris, C.F., M. Lillemo, G.M. Simeon, M.J. Giroux, S. Babb, and K. Kidwell. (2001) Prevalence of puroindoline grain hardness mutations among historical wheats. Crop Science 41:218-228. Smidansky, E.D., M. Clancy, F.D. Meyer, S.P. Lanning, N.K. Blake, L.E. Talbert, and M.J. Giroux. (2002) Enhanced ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase Activity in Wheat Endosperm Increases Seed Yield. 12/2001 PNAS, in press. Stukenholtz, P, R Koenig, D Hole, B Miller. 2002. Partitioning the nutrient and nonnutrient contributions of compost to dryland-organic wheat. Compost Sci & Util 10:238-243. Hole DJ, S Clawson, SA Young, D Roche, 2002 Registration of Golden Spike Wheat. Crop Sci 42:1376-1377.

Impact Statements

New cultivar information exchanged
New end use quality tests shared
Role of puroindolines in end use quality discussed
Quality testing schemes outlined
Recent publications shared

Date of Annual Report: 12/04/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 09/30/2003 - 09/30/2003
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2003 - 09/01/2003

Participants

People present: Sunida Asawaprecha, Mary Baldridge, Charley Berry, Art Bettge, Brady Carter, Doug Engle, Sean Finnie, Shelle Freston, Kristene Gedye, Mary Guttieri, Scott Haley, Andy Hogg, David Hole, Gary Hou, Kerry Huber, Deborah Jones, Russ Karow, Jacalyn Kennedy, Bon Lee, Naomi McKay, Craig F. Morris, Katherine O'Brien, Jae Ohm, Jim Peterson, Andrew Ross, Linda Sagen, Edward Souza.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes for WCC-81 Meeting, Portland, Oregon, September 30, 2003

Chairperson - Brady Carter; Vice Chairperson - Andrew Ross; Secretary - Deanna Nash

The meeting was called to order by Brady Carter at 5:05 pm.

Russ Karow was announced as the new Administrative Advisor taking over the position previously held by Jim Quick.

Brief verbal state crop condition reports were given. As this meeting was just after 2003 crop harvest and little data were available and as the next Committee meeting is scheduled for February 2004, it was decided that written reports for CY 2003 would be requested and provided at that meeting.

Jim Quick, past Administrative Advisor gave a brief update.

Scott Haley, Colorado State Univ. - Crop season was average with stripe rust and a new Russian Wheat aphid biotype as issues facing growers. The new aphid biotype can overcome existing variety resistance. 2003 is the first year for a Clearfield release in Colorado.

Ed Souza, Univ. of Idaho - Overall crop production was below average with winter wheats slightly above average. New releases include a Clearfield variety (ID587) and Jerome, a hard red release.

David Hole, Utah State Univ. - Acreage was up with yields at average levels. Problems with cereal leaf beetle are increasing and expanding to southwest Utah. Little rust was seen in the 2003 crop.

Craig Morris, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA - The Western Wheat Quality Lab completed the 6th year of the genotype by environment report - a great resource of data on quality. This report is web-based. An array of basic and applied research activities are underway, many focused on quality factors.

Brady Carter, Washington State Univ. - Average crop yields are expected. Proteins levels are higher again this year. Several cultivars are ready for release by Washington. Work on the milling Collaborative test and on comparisons among the different experimental mills in the region are underway.

Jim Peterson, Oregon State Univ. - Average to below average yields are expected depending on the area of the state. The dryland areas of the Columbia Basin again suffered from lack of rainfall. ORCF 101, a Clearfield variety, is being released. Another Clearfield variety with different parentage is anticipated in 2004. Several unique quality varieties are under consideration for release.

Accomplishments

Readers are referred to the June 30, 2004 report on the February 3, 2004 WCC081 meeting for accomplishments, impacts and publications for Calendar Year 2003.

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 06/30/2004

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/03/2004 - 02/04/2004
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2003 - 12/01/2003

Participants

Joe Anderson, Alice Andlovec, Byung-Kee Baik, Keith Bailey, Kerry Balow, Michael Barnett, Cecile Becker, Art Bettge, Luke Burger, John Burns, Cathy Butti, Brady Carter, Dale Clark, Craig Cook, Scott Cooley, Patricia Dailey, Jeff Daniels, Victor DeMacon, Tom Duyck, Doug Engle, Bonnie Fernandez, Robert Fesler, Debra French, Bob French, Shelle Freston, Diane Gannon, Margaret Gollnick, Mary Guttieri, Scott Haley, Tracy Harris, Hans Hayden, Jim Helmerick, Joy Hicks, Gary Hou, Sam Huang, Blaine Jacobson, Holly Johnson, Stephen Jones, Deborah Jones, Russ Karow, Thomas Koehler, Matt Kolding, JohnKuehner, Bon Lee, Harry Levine, Shawn Lindhorst, Lynn Little, Kaleen Long, Steve Lyon, Melissa McClendon, Jim McDonald, Reuben McLean, John Moffatt, Craig Morris, Jim Murry, Deanna Nash, John Oades, Katherine O'Brien, Lyle Perry, Jim Peterson, Pat Reisenauer, Debi Rogers, Jay Romsa, Andrew Ross, Gary Shelton, David Shelton, Tana Simpson, Edward Souza, Sena Wheeler, Alan Yirak, Eric Zakarison

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes for WCC-81 Meeting

Coeur d Alene, Idaho

February 3, 2004

Chairperson - Andrew Ross

Vice Chairperson - Deanna Nash

Secretary - Bob Zemetra

This meeting was held as a subcomponent of the much larger Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council and PNW-American Association of Cereal Chemists meetings held Feb. 2-5 at the Coeur d Alene Resort, Coeur d Alene, Idaho.

The meeting was called to order by Chairman Andrew Ross at 4 pm.

Brief, verbal state reports were given as noted below. Additional details from several states can be found in the documentation provided elsewhere in this report.

Russ Karow gave a brief administrative advisor update.

Scott Haley Colorado, CSU - Working on hard red winter quality standards with Plains group. There is a new Russian Wheat aphid biotype that is virulent against all resistance genes currently in the CO breeding program. Haley is working toward release of a Clearfield line to replace "Above."

Jim Peterson, Oregon, OSU - Clearfield release ORCF101 with others coming. Andrew Ross is actively working with the breeding program to develop and do early generation quality screening. Super soft white winters are being considered for release.

Ed Souza and Bob Zemetra, Idaho, UI - The Idaho Wheat Commission is funding wheat quality lab upgrades and space expansion. A number of releases for both specific production zones and quality factors are in process. Their group is doing basic research on whole grain analysis techniques for quality factors. Clearfield releases are anticipated in both programs.

Craig Morris, USDA-ARS, Washington - Federal funding for the Western Wheat Quality Lab was increased this past year. A new scientist will be hired to work on quality traits related to Asian products. Working on 2003 samples including GxE study, Overseas Variety Analysis program materials, Wheat Quality Council and state materials. Basic research is being done on polyphenol oxidases, pentosans, and other specific quality-related factors. The group has a set of isogenic lines with differing hardness alleles.

Brady Carter, Washington, WSU - A number of WSU lines are being released for quality and/or disease resistance characteristics. The group is trying to develop an AACC approved method for a 4-hour ashing procedure. They are also working on data for making comparisons among the various small-scale flour mills being used in the region.

Deanna Nash, Montana, MSU - several varieties are being released for saw fly or Russian wheat aphid resistance and/or quality or agronomic superiority.

Dale Clark, Montana, Western Plant Breeders - Several varieties being released for yield performance, disease and pest resistance, or specific quality considerations.

John Moffatt, AgroPro Wheat, Washington - AgroPro has their WA breeding station in full operation. Two people will be stationed at the site which includes processing buildings and a greenhouse. Quality testing will be done at their facility in Colorado. They will work on springs and winters, softs and hards at the WA site.

Matt Kolding, Hermiston, OR - is doing dwarf bunt testing at Flora, OR. He has a line in the western regional trial that appears to have both good snow mold and dwarf bunt resistance.

Gary Hou, Wheat Marketing Center Lab, Portland, OR - more than six teams will do testing on the Asian Collaborative materials in the coming year. The Lab is preparing a book on wheat flour testing targeted for a non-technical audience. A USDA overseas educational grant will underwrite part of the cost of development and publication. The books will be available at a reasonable price. Crop quality and other regional reports will be prepared as in past years.

Officers for the coming year will be Deanna Nash, president; Bob Zemetra, vice-president; Ed Souza, secretary-treasurer.

The meeting adjourned at 5:45 pm.

Accomplishments

Utah State Univ. - David Hole The Utah Agricultural Experiment Station released Deloris hard red winter wheat. Deloris was tested at the 2001 PNW wheat quality council in conjunction with WCC-81. The designation of Deloris when tested was UT203032. Continued selection in early generations based on mixograph data from 2 gm samples of bulk populations. Approximately 20% of F2 bulk populations were discarded based on poor average mixograph. Approximately 75 samples were sent to the Western Wheat Quality Lab for quality analysis. These samples reflected breeding lines and cultivar tests. Washington State Univ. Wheat Quality Program - Brady Carter Over 2000 breeder lines were evaluated for the 2002 crop year between the spring and winter breeding programs. Quality testing for spring samples was completed by the second week of February and testing for winter samples was completed by the second week of May. Quality testing results for breeder nurseries were summarized in excel files with means and confidence intervals to aid in making selections. The quality data also was merged with yield data and combined across environments. Suggestions on selections based on end-use quality were provided with the data and in subsequent meetings. After consulting with the breeding teams, the method used to summarize nursery quality data was adjusted. The new system compares all experimental lines to the check variety and creates a score for each line based on the number of standard deviations away the breeding line value is from the check value for each test. Each quality test score is then weighted to create an overall score. The lines are then sorted by their overall score and those lines that are too far away from the mean are discarded. This overall score can then easily be compared with the scores of other breeding lines across locations and crop years if the same reference check is used. For varieties that are being considered for variety release, a system to easily access historical data for the variety has been established using statistical analyses and the SAS program. Consequently, breeders are able to discern the performance of a variety being considered for release in comparison to most released varieties grown in the state instead of just checks included in their breeding nurseries. This information is used to determine if the variety is worthy of being released. At the 2003 variety release meeting, 1 WSU variety was approved for full release and 4 WSU varieties were approved for pre-release. To improve end-use quality testing, a new test with great potential, noodle texture assessment has been inserted into the standard set of quality tests in late generations. The noodle texture method is an extension of the noodle color method that has been used at the Western Wheat Quality Lab for many years. The noodle texture protocols of several other labs were combined with the noodle color procedure used at our lab to try and speed up the process, but still obtain reliable results. Our method is much faster than the texture protocols used by the Wheat Marketing Center and Montana State University, but produces results very comparable to those obtained by the other labs, especially when rankings and significant differences are considered. Several other research projects examining the varying results of different experimental flour mills, identifying ideal physiochemical combinations for hard white wheat, measuring quality trait inheritance using single seed descent populations, and mechanizing the SDS sedimentation test for use as a market applicable test of wheat functionality are currently in progress. Washington State Univ. Spring Wheat Program - K. Kidwell Over 250 crosses were made in 2003, and 29,625 breeding lines were evaluated in field trials at 1 to 16 locations in Washington state. Grain samples from 1932 early generation lines (F4 generation), and 356 advanced breeding lines with superior agronomic performance were sent to the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory for end-use quality assessment. Washington State University Winter Wheat Program - SS Jones Over 3600 hard wheat breeding lines were evaluated in field trials in 2003. F3 and F4 lines are evaluated at Spillman Agronomy Farm near Pullman, WA. This area generally has favorable moisture conditions that: 1) enables plants to maximize their genetic variation in morphological traits and 2) enhances development of diseases so that selection for resistance can be made. The succeeding generations are tested at 2 to14 locations in Washington where hard wheats are typically produced. Seventy-seven early-generation breeding lines (hard and soft) were seeded August 29, 2003 approximately six inches deep into variable soil moisture at the Dryland Research Station near Lind WA. A rain shower event (0.29 inch) occurred on Sept. 8 (10 days after seeding (DAS)), causing soil crusting. Seedling emergence was visually evaluated on Sept. 9 (11 DAS) and then again on Oct. 2 (34 DAS). In this nursery, most of the modern adapted lines were crossed to long coleoptile varieties of the same market class. Even though many had poor initial emergence, final emergence improved dramatically for many breeding lines. The 2003 Hard and Soft Winter Wheat nurseries from the Variety Testing Program were deep planted (6 inches soil cover) in late May at the Lind Field Station. Observations indicate that most of the 80 cultivars and breeding lines emerge adequately when soil moisture is abundant and soil temperature is conducive for coleoptile elongation. We developed seventy-three breeding lines using locally adapted hard white cultivars and Australian HWW cultivars that were screened for local adaptation and quality. They are in early generation field trials and those with acceptable quality and agronomic characteristics will be rapidly advanced. We are using Eltan as the recurrent parent in many of our backcrosses, as it is a well-adapted cultivar containing the high molecular weight glutenins consistent with high quality hard wheats. This breeding procedure will allow us to release a hard Eltan-type cultivar with broad adaptation much quicker. This fall, all advanced hard red and hard white lines were evaluated for emergence capabilities under natural field crusting and deep planting on two seeding dates in Adams and Franklin counties. We were able to identify those lines with superior and inferior emergence capabilities. We will evaluate yield response with partial stands and correlate those with coleoptile length. Fifty hard red breeding lines in a Finley background, quickly advanced through single-seed-descent, are in their second year of field trials. These lines have been intensively screened for acceptable quality, yield, emergence and all other relevant agronomic characteristics. The most superior lines will be advanced into the variety release process. A study was initiated to observe the competitive interaction among cultivars in mixtures. Specifically, we will be looking at competition for light and to what degree canopy shading suppresses yield when using various concentrations of cultivars differing in plant height. The WSU Winter Wheat Breeding Program wishes to gratefully acknowledge and thank Mrs. Patsy Sunderman for her generous donation of the entire germplasm of Sunderman Breeding Inc. in 2003. This breeding program will be greatly enhanced by the work of the late Dr. Donald Sunderman with the introgression of Sunderman Breeding Inc. (SBI) germplasm into our breeding lines and cultivars. One hundred twenty-seven SBI breeding lines were planted this fall and will be evaluated for quality and local adaptation. Colorado State University - Scott Haley No new cultivars were released in fall 2003. Ankor, which was released in 2002, performed extremely well in 2003 and outperformed its recurrent parent Akron by 2-3 bushels across the High Plains region. Above, a Clearfield wheat released in 2001, again performed near the top of the Colorado Dryland Variety Trials (UVPT) and Collaborative On-Farm Tests (COFT). Acreage of Above in Colorado may approach 190,000 acres in 2004. Two new experimental lines were put on Foundation Seed increase with the intent to release in fall 2004. The first of these, CO980607 (Yuma/T-57//TAM 200/3/4*Yuma/4/NEWS08), was the top performing entry in the Colorado UVPT and the western High Plains locations of the Southern Regional Performance Nursery (SRPN) in 2003. It carries resistance (Dn4 gene) to the original North American biotype of Russian wheat aphid (RWA), though identification in spring 2003 of a new biotype virulent to Dn4 may negate this advantage. Averaged across three years of testing (21 locations) in the UVPT, CO980607 was also the top performing entry, superior to Trego and all other available RWA resistant cultivars. CO980607 does not have the straw strength of its Yumar parent and will thus not be recommended for irrigated production. While its protein content is somewhat low (similar to Yuma and Alliance), experimental milling and baking quality evaluations of CO980607 have been excellent, similar to Prowers 99. CO980607 received overall favorable evaluations in the 2002 Wheat Quality Council Testing program and was entered for a second year of WQC evaluations in 2003. The second line intended for release is CO00D007 (Yumar//TXGH12588-120*4/FS2). CO00D007 is a Clearfield experimental line derived through a wheat-maize doubled haploid program using Yumar as a source of RWA resistance and a BC3F2 plant obtained from American Cyanamid as the source of imazamox tolerance. In the 2003 UVPT, CO00D007 was the second highest performing entry (second only to CO980607) with yield about 2.5 bushels/acre higher than Above and 6.3 bushels/acre higher than AP502 CL. Experimental milling and baking quality evaluations of CO00D007 have also been excellent, in spite of its somewhat lower protein content (similar to Yuma and Alliance) and test weight (similar to Enhancer and Halt). CO00D007 has been entered in the 2003 Wheat Quality Council Testing program. University of Idaho - Ed Souza In the past year, the Aberdeen wheat breeding program worked to develop new cultivars to improve the marketing and profitability of western US farmers. We managed approximately 40 acres of field trials and reported the results to farmers and peer scientist. The wheat quality laboratory at Aberdeen processed over 10,000 wheat samples to provide quality evaluations to breeding programs and agronomists in Idaho and the western US. The Aberdeen program released Idaho 587, a imidazlinone resistant wheat, in a joint project negotiated with BASF and five seed associates, through the Idaho Agric. Experiment Station, UI Foundation Seed Committee, and the Idaho Research Foundation. The milling and baking quality of Idaho 587 will be evaluated in 2004 by the WRC-81 committee and the PNW Wheat Quality Council. We continued to work with the seed industry to expand utilization of several of our recent releases that were approved through the WRC-81/PNW Wheat Quality Council program: Moreland, DW, Alturas, and Jubilee. As part of the IFAFS, Bringing Genomics to the Wheat Fields Grant, we completed the first sets of a series of backcrosses to transfer improved milling quality into Idaho wheat cultivars. Our program cooperates with other wheat research programs in Idaho and the western US. Two significant areas of cooperative application concern addressing soft wheat quality targets and current price discounts for PNW red wheats based on perceptions of low quality.

Publications

Bertolini, A.C., E.J. Souza, J.E. Nelson, and K.C. Huber. 2003. Composition and reactivity of A- and B-type starch granules of normal, partial waxy, and waxy wheat. Cereal Chem. 80: 544-549. Burns J. and K. Kidwell. Spring wheat performance in 2003, p 26-28. In Wheat Life, Washington Association of Wheat Growers? Official Publication. December 2003. Vol. 46 No. 11. Burns, J.W., S.S. Jones, K.G. Campbell, K.K. Kidwell, S.E. Ullrich, D.H. vonWettstein, and D. Boze. 2003. 2003 Cereal Variety Evaluation Results. Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 03-3. Carter, B.P. 2003. The impact of reduced tillage strategies on the end-use quality of wheat. Pages 1-3 In Agricultural Horizons November 2003 issue. Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Washington State University Carter, B.P. and Harris, T. 2003. Washington State University Wheat Quality Program. Pages 16-17. In 2003 Field Day Proceedings, Technical Report 03-2 Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Washington State University. Carter, B.P., Harris, T., Roberts, D., and Roe, R.D. 2003. The impact of reduced tillage strategies on the end-use quality of wheat. P.114 In 2003 AACC Annual Meeting. Portland, Oregon. Cook, R.J., J. Burns, K. Campbell, S. Jones and K. Kidwell. 2003. Performance of advanced lines and varieties of spring and winter wheats seeded directly into cereal stubble. p. 25. In Burns, J. and Veseth, R. (eds), 2003 Field Day Proceedings: Highlights of Research Progress. Extension, Washington State University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 03-2. Jones, S.S., 2003. Ecological indicators of sustainable agriculture. Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science. F. Kirschenmann and R.Goodman eds. Jones, S., S. Lyon, K. Balow, M. Gollnick, D. Lammer, M. Arterburn, J. Chatelain, A. Greco, K. Murphy. 2003.Winter wheat breeding, genetics, and cytology. 2002 progress report. p.14. In Burns, J. and Veseth, R. (eds), 2003 Field Day Proceedings: Highlights of Research Progress. Extension, Washington State University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 03-2. Graybosch, R.A., E. Souza, W. Berzonsky. 2003. Registration of 19 waxy spring wheat germplasm. Crop Sci. 43: (In press). Graybosch, R.A., E. Souza, W. Berzonsky, P.S. Baenzinger, O. Chung. 2003. Functional properties of the waxy wheat flours: genotypic and environmental effects. J. Cereal Chem. 38: 69-76. Kidwell, K.K., V.L. DeMacon, G.B. Shelton, J.W. Burns, B.P. Carter, C.F. Morris, X. Chen and N.A. Bosque-Perez. 2003. Registration of ?Macon? Wheat. Crop Sci (accepted). Kidwell, K.K., V.L. DeMacon, G.B. Shelton, J.W. Burns, B.P. Carter, C.F. Morris, X. Chen and N.A. Bosque-Perez. 2003. Registration of Macon Wheat. Crop Sci 43:1561-1563. Smiley, R., J. Gourlie, R. Whittaker, S. Easley, and K. Kidwell. 2003. Economic impact of Hessian fly on spring wheat in eastern Oregon, 2001 & 2002. p. 19-26. In Research Reports: 62nd Annual Pacific Northwest Insect Management Conference. Portland, OR. Smiley, R., R. Whittaker, J. Gourlie, S. Easley, K. Rhinhart, E. Jacobsen, J. Peterson, K. Kidwell, and K. Campbell. 2003. Genetic tolerance to Fusarium crown rot of wheat. Oregon Agr. Expt. Stn. Spec. Rpt. 1047:40-52. Smiley, R.W., and K. Kidwell. 2003. Economic impact of Hessian fly on spring wheat in eastern Oregon. Proc. 87th Ann. Meeting, Pacific Branch, Entomological Society of America. Tucson, AZ.

Impact Statements

Registered seed of Tara 2002, a 2000 variety release, is available for 2004. Tara 2002 is expected to replace a significant proportion of the WPB 926 acreage in the intermediate to high rainfall zones.
Registered and certified seed of Macon, a 2002 variety release, is available for 2004. Macon is the first hard white wheat variety to be released by WSU, and is one of the first true dual purpose hard white wheat varieties with exceptional bread baking and noodle making quality to be released in the US.
Registered seed of Eden, a 2002 spring club release, is available for 2004. Eden is expected to replace 100% of the Calorwa acreage in the region.
Foundation seed of Hollis, a 2003 variety release, is available for 2004. Hollis is expected to replace a portion of Scarlet acreage in the low to intermediate rainfall zones.
Breeder seed of WA7921, a new soft white wheat, was produced in 2003 and if released, Foundation seed of this line will be available in 2005.
WA007936 is a hard white winter variety developed through the backcross-breeding program. It has superior dual purpose hard white quality and was approved for Breeder Seed increase in the fall of 2003.
WA007939 is a hard red winter variety with good bread and noodle quality. Statewide Variety Testing summarized results indicate it consistently outperforms Finley and has phenotypic and agronomic characteristics very similar to Eltan. It was approved for Breeder Seed increase in the fall of 2003
The Utah Agricultural Experiment Station released Deloris hard red winter wheat. The designation of Deloris when tested was UT203032.
The Aberdeen program released Idaho 587, a imidazlinone resistant wheat, in a joint project negotiated with BASF and five seed associates, through the Idaho Agric. Experiment Station, UI Foundation Seed Committee, and the Idaho Research Foundation.
The Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station released ORCF-101, a soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that possesses Clearfield herbicide resistance technology
OR2010007 is an OSU Clearfield selection with the pedigree Madsen/CV-9804//Weatherford. A 7-acre Foundation seed field of OR2010007 was planted in fall 2003. Release is anticipated in 2004.

Date of Annual Report: 08/05/2005

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/24/2005 - 01/28/2005
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2004 - 12/01/2004

Participants

Alice Andlovec Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Tim Aschbrenner Cereal Food Processors;
Byung-Kee Baik WSU Food Science;
Scott Baker ConAgra Foods;
Cecile Becker University of Idaho;
Charles P. Berry KRUSTEAZ Continental Mills Inc.;
Art Bettge USDA Western Wheat Quality Lab;
Luke Burger ADM Milling Company;
John Burns WSU Dept of Crop and Soil Sciences;
Cathy Butti AgriPro Wheat;
Kim Campbell USDA-ARSWSU;
Dale R. Clark Westbred;
Craig Cook Westbred;
Scott Cooley USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service;
Patricia Dailey Idaho Wheat Commission;
Jeff Daniels Central Milling;
Tom Duyck Oregon Wheat Commission;
Doug Engle Western Wheat Quality Laboratory;
Robert Fesler Horizon Milling;
John Flemm USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service;
Debra French AgriPro Wheat;
Bob French ADM Milling Company;
Shelle Freston Western Wheat Quality Laboratory;
Diane Gannon Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Mary Guttieri University of Idaho;
Tracy Harris Washington State University;
Joy Hicks AgriPro Wheat;
Gary Hou Wheat Marketing Center;
Sam Huang California Wheat Commission;
Holly Johnson Westbred;
Deborah Jones Gilliam County Wheat Quality Lab;
Russ Karow Dept. of Crop & Soil Science OSU;
Matt Kolding Pendleton, OR;
Deanna Konkol Horizon Milling;
Bon Lee Wheat Marketing Center;
Harry Levine Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Merrill Lewis Fossum Cereals;
Lynn Little USDA-ARS;
Kaleen Long Continental Mills;
Naomi McKay Continental Mills;
Reuben McLean Pendleton Flour Milling;
John Moffatt AgriPro Wheat;
Craig Morris Western Wheat Quality Laboratory;
Deanna Nash MSU Wheat Quality Lab;
Katherine O'Brien University of Idaho;
Jae-Bom Ohm Oregon State University;
Earl Pryor Oregon Wheat Commission;
Jay Romsa General Mills Inc.;
Shannon Schlecht US Wheat Associates;
David Shelton Wheat Marketing Center;
Tana Simpson Oregon Wheat Commission;
Louise Slade Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Edward J. Souza University of Idaho Experiment Station;
Thomas Steele USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service;
R. Don Sullins ADM Milling;
Mary Verhoeven Oregon State University;
Glen Weaver Con Agra Flour Milling Co.;
Eric Zakarison Washington Wheat Commission;
Bob Zemetra University of Idaho PSES

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes for WERA-081 Meeting
Portland, OR
January 26, 2005

Chairperson Deanna Nash;
Vice Chairperson Bob Zemetra;
Secretary Ed Souza

This meeting was held as a subcomponent of the much larger Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council and PNW section-American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) meetings held January 26 to 29th, in Portland Oregon.

Meeting was called to order by Russ Karow, Administrative advisor for WERA-081 at 8:30 am.

Brief, verbal state reports were given as noted below. Additional details from several states can be found in the documentation provided elsewhere in the report on this meeting.

Idaho

Ed Souza placed three Aberdeen breeding lines into the quality council testing. IDO573 and IDO575 are tall rain-fed winter wheat cultivars adapted to southern Idaho and northern Utah and are targeted to replace Weston. IDO597 is a hard white spring wheat targeted to replace Lolo. IDO597 will be proposed for release in 2005 under the name Lochsa.
Two fertility-irrigation studies were reported on: 1) soft white fertility timing suggested that best yields and quality were obtained with top-dressing at jointing and 2) reduction of irrigation in drought years was most effective at maintaining yield and quality if spread through the season rather than being imposed at the end of the season. The earlier farmers know they must reduce water use and act on that knowledge, the smaller effects of those water shortages will be.
Bob Zemetra with the UI Moscow program indicated that severe sprouting this harvest prevented the entry of new lines into the quality council. In the past year Dune soft white winter wheat was released for irrigated production in southern Idaho, with higher yield and better stripe rust resistance that Brundage. Three soft white winter lines are in seed production 220407A, 16004A, and 19804A. All three wheats are notable for their superior soft wheat quality as measured by the solvent retention capacity test.

Washington

Washington Wheat Commission has developed a Wheat Foundation to promote and market niche and high quality cultivars developed by WSU. WWC also strongly supports the National Stripe Rust Initiative.
Kim Campbell reported that releases from WSU and ARS programs at Pullman are fairing well with stripe rust resistance. These include Chukar club, Finch common white winter, Masamai common white winter, and Louise soft white spring common wheat. They also have a joint release developed by the three breeding programs at Washington that is a hard red winter with high protein. The USDA-ARS Pullman Wheat and Barley Genotyping Center has begun operation under the supervision on Kim Campbell and the facilitation of Lynn Little. B-K. Baik has been hired as a faculty member by WSU to replace Brady Carter for breeding program quality evaluation.

Oregon

ORCF102 will be released by OSU as a Clearfield soft white winter wheat for the Pacific Northwest. OSU is planning to release the soft white winter wheat OR9801757 for licensed identity preserved marketing based on its improved soft wheat quality. OSU is currently in a public comment period about its licensed release.
Debra Jones with Gilliam County Grain Growers expects their quality laboratory to be operational in September 2005.

Montana

MT1159CL was released and licensed by MSU to Westbred LLC. MSU has also entered into the PNW Wheat Quality Council winter wheat breeding lines targeted to replace the sawfly resistant winter wheat Rampart.

Private Breeding Companies Operating across Western States -
Westbred LLC has released the spring wheats Solano (DA990-229) to replace Express hard red spring, WPB 528 soft white winter wheat to replace WPB 470, BZ998-447WP is intended for release as a new hard white spring resistant to Hessian fly, and Alzeda was released as a new durum wheat for use by Pasta Montana.
Fossum Seeds is evaluating spring wheats in the Bellingham WA and Corvallis OR areas.
Agripro recently revised their relationship with Syngenta and is now owned by that corporation.

US Wheat Associates Portland Wheat Marketing Laboratory (WMC)

WMC has three marquis projects in the past year:
1) Continuation of the Asian Products Collaborative, a program to provide US white wheats to Pacific Rim customers for use in Asian noodles and steam breads.
2) Inspection of wheat cargos for Tilletia controversa (Dwarf bunt) teliospores as part of an initiative to expand shipments to China; China has strict regulations regarding dwarf bunt contamination of wheat and barley.
3) Expanded training programs in wheat quality for elevator operators and wheat growers.

USDA-ARS Pullman Western Wheat Quality Laboratory (WWQL)

Western states producing soft white wheats have participated in the Overseas Variety Analysis sponsored by US Wheat and facilitated by Doug Engle with the WWQL in Pullman. Engle summarized the results of the OVA since the WERA 081 meeting in Hawaii. The key conclusions of the meta-analysis of the OVA was that ranking for quality between domestic evaluations and international users of soft wheat generally correlate. Finch, Brundage, and most club wheats were consistently ranked as good quality by both domestic and international users. Weatherford was consistently rated as poor by domestic and international wheat end-users. The exception to the general agreement of the two end-user groups was the cultivar Jubilee which is rated highly by domestic end-users and moderate to poor by international end-users. The differences may relate to the relative gluten strength and water absorption characteristics of Jubilee.

Russ Karow provided a brief administrative advisor update at the conclusion of the meeting.

Part of WERA-081 activities included the proposal to the PNW Section of the AACC for Quality Targets for the Soft White Wheat class. That proposal was debated in the afternoon session of the PNW AACC Section. The proposal adopted by the PNW Section is attached to these minutes and a brief summary of the discussion is appended below.

San Diego, CA was tentatively selected as the site for next years WERA-081 meeting, with the date set for the Thursday of the Plant and Animal Genome Meetings. Doug Engle is responsible for identifying necessary local arrangements.

The meeting adjourned at noon and reconvened on January 28th for tours of the Kraft bakery and Port of Portland. On Friday January 29th, a sub-committee WERA-081 worked at the US Wheat Marketing Laboratory in Portland to complete the bread bake ring test of PNW research bake laboratories. This initiative was begun in the last year to confirm equivalencies of protocols in PNW laboratories evaluating wheat cultivars from public and private breeding programs. Statistical analysis of the ring-test will be presented to the Soft Wheat Technical Committee of the American Association of Cereal Chemists in their annual meeting this fall.

Summary of Discussion by PNW Section of the AACC Concerning Adoption of WERA-081 Proposal for PNW Soft Wheat Quality Targets

Proposal was adopted by consensus among those present

Points in Favor of the Targets
1) The targets were based of recorded range and means observed at the ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory (WWQL) for desirable quality soft white winter wheats and club wheats with particular emphasis on test data generated during the normal operation of the laboratory.
2) The values had included the discussions of members of WERA-081 over the past year and had been modified to reflect those comments, particularly the inclusion of new tests such as the solvent retention capacity test
3) The targets provide wheat commissions and US Wheat Associates with a marketing tool of defined standards and commitment to enforce quality standards upon the wheat breeding teams.

Points of Concern for the Targets
1) Technical values for target tests are laboratory-dependent (different laboratories obtain correlated but different absolute values for the same grain samples). The values generated by the WWQL are atypical for other western laboratories including the Portland US Wheat Marketing Laboratory and may cause problems with interpretation of wheat quality from other laboratories relative to the targets.
2) Participants, both of the sub-committee that developed the standards and other WERA-081 members, were uncertain of how best to apply the targets. That is, are these numbers centered values for future cultivars, minimums to be exceeded, or general guidelines for the good of the cause?
3) The target values have ranges based on the standard deviation of known check cultivars. However the target values do not have a desired directionality (which are desired greater or lesser values relative to the target?). Nor are weights attached to the targets to provide guidance as to which values are more important than others.

The targets were adopted because of the common concern for marketing and the desire of the PNW wheat industry to provide the perception of enforced discipline upon the PNW variety development programs.

The points of concern were taken as points to be addressed as the targets are used and developed.

Report respectively submitted by,
Edward Souza
Wheat Breeding and Genetics
University of Idaho

Accomplishments

Colorado State University Two new hard red winter wheat cultivars were released in fall 2004. This first of these, named 'Hatcher', combines high dryland yields in eastern Colorado and the west-central Great Plains, resistance to Biotype 1 Russian wheat aphid, and improved milling and baking quality relative to other available Russian wheat aphid resistant cultivars. Hatcher was selected from the crosses and backcrosses 'Yuma'/PI 372129//'TAM-200'/3/4*Yuma/4/KS91H184/'Vista'. Across 22 trial locations of the dryland Colorado UVPT (2001-2004), Hatcher had lower yield than 'Trego' but higher yield than all other entries in the trials. In the Southern Regional Performance Nursery (SRPN), Hatcher was the second highest yielding entry across the High Plains region in both 2003 (seven locations) and 2004 (nine locations). Hatcher has shown excellent milling properties and above-average bread baking properties. The second of the new releases, named 'Bond CL', combines resistance to Biotype 1 Russian wheat aphid, the Clearfield* herbicide tolerance gene, and excellent bread baking quality. Bond CL is a doubled-haploid line developed using the wheat x maize hybridization method from the cross 'Yumar'//TXGH12588-120*4/FS2. Across 14 trial locations of the dryland Colorado UVPT (2002-2004), Bond CL had lower yield than 'Above' Clearfield* wheat and Hatcher but higher yield than all other entries in the trials. Bond CL has shown much improved baking quality characteristics relative to Above. In spring 2004, we purchased a Foss NIRSystems Model 6500 scanning monochromator. Our goal with the Foss 6500 is to develop and implement flour and whole-grain calibrations for selection in the breeding program. We are currently targeting calibrations for test weight, single kernel characteristics, and dough mixing strength measurements. As part of this project in 2004, we hired Phil Williams (formerly Ag Canada-Winnipeg) to consult on NIR calibration development and monitoring of laboratory error; we utilized the NIRs 6500 for whole-grain NIR analysis in between harvest and planting in August using several calibrations provided by Foss; we implemented a systematic check sample testing system to monitor error associated with our procedures; we purchased a Brabender Farinograph E (50 gram model) to facilitate development of NIR calibrations for mixing time and stability. Montana State University Approximately 2.8 million acres of spring wheat were seeded in 2004. Growing conditions were better than in the past several years, with spring wheat yield levels approaching a long-term average. McNeal maintained its position as the leading spring wheat variety for the eighth year, although acreage declined due to increased production of other varieties. The most prominent of these was Reeder. Objectives for the breeding program include high yield potential, resistance to the wheat stem sawfly, high protein, and good bread-making quality. Two new varieties were grown on several hundred acres for seed production. The first of these is Outlook, which is notable for high yield potential and resistance to the Russian wheat aphid. Outlook has grain protein percentage approximately 0.2% less than McNeal based on 40 location years of testing. Gluten strength of Outlook is average relative to other hard red spring wheat varieties, and lower than McNeal. A second new variety is named Choteau. Choteau has protein levels approximately 0.5% higher than McNeal, and is resistant to the wheat stem sawfly. Gluten strength of Choteau is similar to other hard red spring wheat varieties, and weaker than McNeal. There were 1.63 million acres of winter wheat harvested in Montana in 2004. Average yield was 41 bu/a for a total production of 66.8 million bushels. Leading varieties were Rampart (28% of acreage) followed by Neeley (16%), Tiber (9%), Morgan (8%), and Vanguard (8%). The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. One of our major areas of research is milling quality of hard and soft wheat with a focus upon the wheat puroindolines. We have generated transgenic lines of wheat that vary with respect to puroindoline a and/or b. We recently completed a milling and baking study of the initial group of genotypes and found that puroindoline content impacts nearly all milling and baking quality traits with negative impacts found upon loaf volume in wheat with very high levels of puroindoline. Some of the questions left unanswered by the current study are being addressed with new populations of wheat. The current research studies will address to what degree each of the puroindolines limit grain hardness and whether it is possible to create super soft wheat having increased dosage of puroindolines. An initial research paper on this topic was published that demonstrated that additional puroindoline doses added by chromosome segment substitutions do indeed decrease grain hardness. We have conducted similar experiments in which we have transgenically added pina and/or pinb to soft wheat. This work has found that while both pins limit grain softness, the addition of pinb has a greater effect than does the addition of pina. Our second research area focuses on increasing agronomic yield without sacrificing protein content or quality. We have found, not surprisingly, that increasing yield by increasing seed starch biosynthetic rates is highly influenced by the environment. Oregon State University Joining ORCF-101, a second Clearfield line was released in the fall of 2004, ORCF-102. ORCF-102 was derived from the cross Madsen/FS-4//Weatherford and has superior tolerance to root diseases, particularly Cephalosporium stripe and Strawbreaker footrot. ORCF-102 may be preferred by growers that need a CLEARFIELD variety for no-till or reduced tillage management situations. Eighteen seed companies have now been licensed to produce and sell seed of OSU CLEARFIELD varieties in the Pacific Northwest. An estimated 250,000 acres of ORCF-101 were planted by wheat growers in fall, 2004. The soft white winter wheat selection OR9801757 was advanced to Foundation seed increase for possible release in 2005. OR9801757 is noted for its superior milling and baking quality, low grain protein content, and exceptionally soft grain texture. It also has a superior yield record in the drier production areas of Sherman and Gilliam counties of North Central Oregon. Because of its superior end-use quality, OR9801757 presents a unique opportunity to develop an identity preserved production and marketing program for the Oregon wheat industry. Foote was released by OSU in 1998, targeted for the Willamette valley because of its superior resistance to Septoria leaf blotch. In 2004, production fields of Foote were sprayed up to three times with fungicide to control Stripe rust. Prior to 2004, the soft white winter wheat variety Foote was highly resistant to stripe rust. The experimental data and field observations indicate that Foote has seedling, or major gene, resistance that is not effective against this new race of stripe rust University of Idaho During the past year, we completed the release of Jerome hard red spring wheat, which was evaluated by WERA-081 and PNW Quality Council in 2004. We submitted three breeding lines for evaluation to WERA-081 and the wheat quality council. IDO575 and IDO573 are tall rain-fed hard winter wheats targeted to replace Bonneville. IDO575 is unusually tall and is of particular interest to growers in low rainfall production systems where good soil emergence is required. Both IDO573 and IDO575 are earlier and easier to thresh than Bonneville with similar milling and baking characteristics to Bonneville. IDO597, a hard white spring wheat, was the third breeding line submitted to WERA-081 for review. It was paired in the testing with Westbred 936 because of its bread baking quality. IDO597 also has good noodle quality.

Publications

Colorado State University Haley, S.D., F.B. Peairs, C.B. Walker, J.B. Rudolph, and T.L Randolph. 2004. Occurrence of a new Russian wheat aphid biotype in Colorado. Crop Sci. 44:1589-1592. Haley, S.D., J.S. Quick, J.J. Johnson, F.B. Peairs, J.A. Stromberger, S.R. Clayshulte, B.L. Clifford, J.B. Rudolph, O.K. Chung, and B.W. Seabourn. 2004. Registration of 'Ankor' wheat. Crop Sci. 44:1025-1026. Yu, L., S.D. Haley, J. Perret, and M. Harris. 2004. Comparison of wheat flours grown at different locations for their antioxidant properties. Food Chem. 86:11-16. University of Idaho Guttieri, M.J., C. Becker, and E. Souza. 2004. Application of wheat meal solvent retention capacity tests within soft wheat populations. Cereal Chem. 81: 261-266. Guttieri, M.J., D. Bowen, J.A. Dorsch, E. Souza, and V. Raboy. 2004. Identification and characterization of a low phytic acid wheat. Crop Sci. 44: 418-424. Souza, E.J., J.M. Martin, M.J. Guttieri, K. OBrien, D.K. Habernicht, S.P. Lanning, G.R. Carlson, and L.E. Talbert. 2004. Influence of genotype, environment, and nitrogen management on spring wheat quality. Crop Sci. 44:425-432. Souza, E.J., M.J. Guttieri, and R. McLean. 2004. Registration of Gary wheat. Crop Sci. 44: 1476-1477. Souza, E.J., M.J. Guttieri, and R. McLean. 2004. Registration of Moreland wheat. Crop Sci. 44: 1478-1479. Souza, E.J., M.J. Guttieri, and K. OBrien. 2004. Registration of DW wheat. Crop Sci 44: 1475-1476. Souza, E.J., M.J. Guttieri, K. OBrien, and B. Brown. 2004. Registration of Alturas wheat. Crop Sci 44: 1477-1478. Montana State University Blake, N.K., J.D. Sherman, J. Dvorak, and L.E. Talbert. 2004. Genome-specific primer sets for starch biosynthesis genes in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109:1295-1302. Cook, J.P., D.M. Wichman, J.M. Martin, P.L. Bruckner, and L.E. Talbert. 2004. Identification of microsatellite markers associated with a stem solidness locus in wheat. Crop Sci. 44:1397-1402. Dyck, J.A., M.A. Matus-Cadiz, P. Hucl, L. Talbert, T. Hunt, J.P. Duboc, H. Nass, G. Clayton, J. Dodd, and J. Quick. 2004. Agronomic performance of hard red spring wheat lines sensitive and insensitive to photoperiodism. Crop Sci. 44:1976-1981. Hogg, A.C., T. Sripo, B. Beecher, J.M. Martin, and M.J. Giroux. 2004. Wheat Puroindolines Interact to Form Friabilin and Control Wheat Grain Hardness. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108:1089-1097. Jukanti, A.K., P.L. Bruckner, and A.M. Fischer. 2004. Evaluation of wheat polyphenol oxidase genes. Cereal Chem. 81:481-485. Lanning, S.K., G.R. Carlson, D. Nash, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, J.L. Eckhoff, W.E. Grey and L.E. Talbert. 2004. Registration of Choteau wheat. Crop Sci .44:2264-2265. Martin, J.M., J.E. Berg, A.M. Fischer, A.K. Jukanti, K.D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak, D. Nash, and P.L. Bruckner. 2005. Divergent selection for polyphenol oxidase and its influence on agronomic, milling, bread, and Chinese raw noodle quality traits. Crop Sci. 45:(in press). Martin, J.M., L.E. Talbert, D.K. Habernicht, S.P. Lanning, J.D. Sherman, G. Carlson, and M.J. Giroux. 2004. Reduced amylose effects on bread and Chinese noodle quality. Cereal Chem. 81:188-193. Meyer, F.D., E.D. Smidansky, B. Beecher, T.W. Greene, and M. J. Giroux. 2004. The maize Sh2r6hs ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) subunit confers enhanced AGP properties in transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plant Science 899-911. See, D.R., M. Giroux, and B. Gill. 2004. Effect of multiple copies of puroindoline genes on grain softness. Crop Sci. 2004 44(4): p. 1248-1253. Sherman, J.D., L. Yan, L. Talbert, and J. Dubcovsky. 2004. A PCR marker for growth habit in common wheat based on allelic variation at the Vrn-A1 gene. Crop Sci. 44:1832-1838. Souza, E.J., J.M. Martin, M. Guttieri, K. OBrien, D.K. Habernicht, S.P. Lanning, Carlson, G., and L.E. Talbert. 2004. Relative influence of genotype, environment, and nitrogen management on spring wheat quality. Crop Sci. 44:425-432. Oregon State University Graybosch, R.A., C.J. Peterson, and O.K. Chung. 2004. Registration of N95L11881 and 97L9521 strong gluten 1BL.1RS wheat germplasms. Crop Science. 44:1490-1491. Graybosch, R.A., C.J. Peterson, D.R. Porter, and O.K. Chung. 2004. Registration of N96l9970 greenbug resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm. Crop Science. 44:1492.

Impact Statements

Outlook hard red spring, which is notable for high yield potential and resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, was released by Montana State University.
Choteau HRS was released by Montana State University. Choteau has protein levels approximately 0.5% higher than McNeal, and is resistant to the wheat stem sawfly.
Genou (MTS0031, MTS92015//Vanguard/Norstar) was released by Montana State University. Genou is a solid stem HRW line tolerant to wheat stem sawfly. Genou has better cold tolerance and 8 to 10% higher yield potential than Rampart.
MT1159CL (MTCL01159, Fidel/Tiber), an imidazolinone-tolerant HRW line, was released in the fall of 2004 by Montana State University and licensed exclusively to WestBred LLC. MT1159CL has medium yield potential, good crop tolerance to Beyond, and improved milling and baking quality relative to Above and AP502CL.
Hatcher was released by Colorado State University. Hatcher combines high dryland yields in eastern Colorado and the west-central Great Plains, resistance to Biotype 1 Russian wheat aphid, and improved milling and baking quality relative to other available Russian wheat aphid resistant cultivars.
Bond CL, was released by Colorado State University. Bond CL combines resistance to Biotype 1 Russian wheat aphid, the Clearfield* herbicide tolerance gene, and excellent bread baking quality.
Colorado State University implemented a whole-grain NIR screening procedure between harvest and planting for routine end-use quality screening of all advanced materials.
Oregon State University released a second Clearfield line - ORCF-102. ORCF-102 was derived from the cross Madsen/FS-4//Weatherford and has superior tolerance to root diseases, particularly Cephalosporium stripe and Strawbreaker footrot. ORCF-102 may be preferred by growers that need a CLEARFIELD variety for no-till or reduced tillage management situations.
The soft white winter wheat selection OR9801757 was advanced to Foundation seed increase for release in 2005 by Oregon State. OR9801757 is noted for its superior milling and baking quality, low grain protein content, and exceptionally soft grain texture. It also has a superior yield record in the drier production areas of the Columbia Basin. Procedures for single-entity licensing are being established in order to allow development of an identity preserved production and marketing program for
Jerome hard red spring wheat released by the University of Idaho.
Dune soft white winter wheat was released for irrigated production in southern Idaho by the University of Idaho. Dune has higher yield and better stripe rust resistance that Brundage.

Date of Annual Report: 03/17/2006

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/18/2006 - 01/20/2006
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2005 - 12/01/2005

Participants

Lyona Anderson - University of Idaho;
Alice Andlovec - Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Byung-Kee Baik -W SU Crop & Soil Science;
Scott Baker - ConAgra Foods;
Cecile Becker - University of Idaho;
Brian Beecher - USDA Western Wheat Quality Lab;
Charley Berry - KRUSTEAZ Continental Mills Inc.;
Art Bettge - USDA Western Wheat Quality Lab;
Kevin Blocker - Washington Wheat Commission;
John Burns - WSU Dept of Crop and Soil Sciences;
Cathy Butti - AgriPro Wheat;
Dale R.Clark - Westbred;
Craig Cook - Westbred;
Scott Cooley - USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service;
Raleigh Curtis - Mid Columbia Producers;
Patricia Dailey - Idaho Wheat Commission;
Jeff Daniels - Central Milling;
Tom Duyck - Oregon Wheat Commission;
Doug Engle - Western Wheat Quality Laboratory;
Robert Fesler - Horizon Milling;
John Flemm - USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service;
Debra French - AgriPro Wheat;
Bob French - ADM Milling Company;
Diane Gannon - Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Mary Guttieri - University of Idaho;
Tim Hansen - Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Tracy Harris - Washington State University;
Hans Hayden - Idaho Wheat Commission;
Joy Hicks - AgriPro Wheat;
David Hole - USU Dept. of Plants Soils & Biometeorology;
Gary Hou - Wheat Marketing Center;
Blaine Jacobson - Idaho Wheat Commission;
Holly Johnson - Westbred;
Deborah Jones - Gilliam County Wheat Quality Lab;
Russ Karow - Dept. of Crop & Soil Science OSU;
Matt Kolding;
Bon Lee - Wheat Marketing Center;
Harry Levine - Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Lynn Little - USDA-ARS;
Kaleen Long - Continental Mills;
Jim McDonald - Idaho Wheat Commission;
Naomi McKay - Continental Mills;
Reuben McLean - Pendleton Flour Milling;
John Moffatt - AgriPro Wheat;
Craig Morris - Western Wheat Quality Laboratory;
Deanna Nash - MSU Wheat Quality Lab;
John Oades - U.S. Wheat Associates;
Katherine O'Brien - University of Idaho;
Celeste Patena - California Wheat Commission;
C. James - Peterson Oregon State University;
Gene Pierce - Oregon Ag Statistics Service;
Jay Romsa - General Mills Inc.;
Andrew Ross - Oregon State University;
Kim Shantz - Westbred;
David Shelton - Wheat Marketing Center;
Tana Simpson - Oregon Wheat Commission;
Louise Slade - Kraft Foods-Nabisco;
Edward J. - Souza University of Idaho Experiment Station;
Thomas Steele - USDA-Federal Grain Inspection Service;
Jay Takemura - Washington Wheat Commission;
Grant Torrey - Full Circle Seeds;
Glen Weaver - Con Agra Flour Milling Co.;
Bob Zemetra - University of Idaho PSES;
Don Zoellern - WSDA;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Chairperson Bob Zemetra; Vice Chairperson Ed Souza; Secretary David Hole

This meeting was held as a subcomponent of the much larger Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council and PNW section-American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) meetings held January 18 to 20th, in San Diego California.
An industry tour of Santa Fe tortilla factory on 18 January was organized by Robert Fessler of Horizon milling.

On 19 January, the combined meetings were welcomed by Doug Morris and the WERA-081 Meeting was called to order by Russ Karow, Administrative advisor at 8:20 am.

The draft renewal document for the project was discussed, edited slightly and it was moved, seconded and approved that the document be submitted as the renewal proposal for WERA-081.

Bob Zemetra presided over officer elections for the upcoming year. David Hole was elected as the current Secretary and vice-chair for the upcoming year. Edward Souza is the current vice-chair and chair for the upcoming year. Deborah Jones was elected as Secretary for the upcoming year.

Brief, verbal state reports were given as noted below.

Idaho
Ed Souza, Bob Zemetra, and Mary Guttieri summarized Idaho activities in wheat quality breeding and research. Discussion centered on future use of low phytate wheats for whole grain products and the interest in low free asparagine in wheat bran. Personnel changes were noted and it was noted that Ed Souza and Mary Guttieri will be leaving University of Idaho in the coming months. Ed will assume a position with the ARS in Ohio. The WERA-081 committee expressed appreciation for the commitment to PNW wheat quality by both Ed and Mary.

Montana
Western Plant Breeders has licensed new Clearfield wheat cultivars

Oregon
ORSS designation will be used for a super-soft release. Tubbs was reselected for greater resistance to stripe rust and the reselection will be released will be released as Tubbs06. ORH010920 which was tested last year in the quality council is in breeder seed increase. It is a SWWW which has footrot resistance. There are two HRW and four HWW cultivars in pre-breeder seed increase. Andrew Ross discussed extended quality profiles that are provided for elite lines in support of the OSU breeding program. Debra Jones, Gilliam County Grain Growers, gave an update on construction and operation of the Gilliam County quality lab.

Utah
David Hole gave a summary of his sabbatical year in New Zealand with Crop & Food research and evaluations performed there for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in hard white winter population.

John Moffatt pointed out that Agripro/Coker was acquired by Syngenta.

Following the state reports, a presentation was held to express appreciation to Louise Slade and Harry Levine for their support of the WERA-081 group. The plaque and citation, presented in abstentia by Kim Kidwell, was as follows:

Dear Louise,
I am terribly sorry about missing the opportunity to present this plague to you myself. I believe I can speak for everyone involved in the PNW Quality Council when saying that you have truly inspired all of us with you tremendous enthusiasm and pure brilliance. We all appreciate the patient teacher you have been as most of us make our best effort to keep up with you, while attempting to understand the amazing things that you are saying. Your passion for and commitment to understanding cereal chemistry has created opportunities for breeders worldwide to improve the baking quality of soft wheat. We are grateful for your efforts, we appreciate your wisdom, and we hope that you and Harry will continue to expand our horizons for many, many years to come. I am deeply honored to name this variety after you. My only hope is that Louise the cultivar will serve the farmers in the PNW with the grace and elegance that Louise the person has.

With gratitude,

Kim K.

The WERA-081 meeting was adjourned in order to begin technical presentation for the PNW section of the American Association of Cereal Chemistry, followed by the PNW Wheat Quality Council roundtable, which continued on 20 January. Salt Lake City was tentatively selected as the site for next years WERA-081 meeting. Doug Engle is responsible for identifying necessary local arrangements.

Accomplishments

Colorado In fall 2005, one line (CO00016) was advanced for potential release in 2006. CO00016 was developed from the cross CO940606/TAM107R-2 made in 1996. CO00016 is a white-chaffed, short semidwarf with excellent high temperature and drought stress tolerance. CO00016 is resistant to biotype 1 of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), susceptible to biotype 2 of RWA, susceptible to both leaf and stripe rust, and moderately susceptible to stem rust. In Colorado dryland variety trials, CO00016 has shown high yields and yield stability and average test weights. Across 21 dryland trial locations (2003-2005), CO00016 was the highest yielding entry, about 0.5 bu/a higher than Bond CL, 1.7 bu/a higher than Hatcher, 3.1 bu/a higher than Above, 4.1 bu/a higher than Avalanche, and 5.3 bu/a higher than Jagalene (the next five highest yielding entries). CO00016 has also shown very good milling and bread baking quality characteristics based on testing in the CSU Wheat Quality Lab and the USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Quality Lab (Manhattan, KS). In 2005, we continued our research on development and implementation of wheat whole-grain NIR calibrations for use as routine screening criteria in the breeding program. Calibrations for test weight, SKCS kernel weight, and SKCS kernel diameter were developed using a group of samples collected in 2004. Each of these calibrations showed an R2 value for prediction over 70%. In 2006 we will use samples collected in 2005 to validate and expand the calibrations for potential use between harvest and planting in 2006. We are also working to develop whole grain calibrations for Farinograph absorption, development time, and stability and starch pasting properties from the RVA. In 2005, we also adopted rapid laboratory protocols for measurement of antioxidant properties of wheat grain. Protein content, PPO, total phenolic content, and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity were determined using a replicated set of common genotypes grown at four field environments. Samples were again collected from four field environments in 2005. The objective of these studies is to more clearly define the genetic and environmental effects for antioxidant properties and determine the association with other common measures of end-use quality. Idaho Cultivar Release. During the past year, we completed the release of Juniper hard red winter wheat. Juniper is a tall-stature wheat for rain-fed production. It has excellent emergence in deep seeded conditions and is resistant to stripe rust, dwarf bunt, and snow mold. Juniper is targeted as a replacement for Bonneville and is easier to thresh than Bonneville. Advanced Breeding Lines: We have a number of breeding lines in breeder seed production, and these are queued for release over the next two years. Two hard white winter wheats, IDO658 and IDO659, are rain-fed winter wheats targeted to replace the mid-stature hard red winter wheats Promontory and Utah 100. Two irrigated hard white winter wheats, IDO641 and IDO660, are targeted to complement Moreland and replace Declo hard red winter wheats in southern Idaho. Five irrigated soft white winter wheats are in breeder seed increase. Wire-cut Cookies: At the UI, we have begun using the wire-cut cookie test, AACC Method 10-54. We modified method to a bake time of 10 min. as this provides a useful range of moisture loss values (between 11.8% and 14.2% with better cultivars over 13%). We believe that the large size of our oven has enabled us to use the slightly shorter bake time. Using 12 pans, three people working together are able to bake approximately 60 flours in a workday. Two significant relationships with the SRC test were identified in the 2005 bakes. SRC water absorption was very highly negatively correlated with cookie diameter, and hardness force divided by cookie surface area was negatively correlated with sucrose SRC. The surprise for us in these results is not that the correlations and significant regressions were observed, but that the waxy wheats were consistent with regression models for the entire group of genotypes. Montana Approximately 2.1 million acres of spring wheat were seeded in 2005. Growing conditions were better than in the past several years, with spring wheat yield levels approaching a long-term average. McNeal maintained its position as the leading spring wheat variety for the eighth year, although acreage declined due to increased production of other varieties. The most prominent of these was Reeder. Objectives for the breeding program include high yield potential, resistance to the wheat stem sawfly, high protein, and good bread-making quality. Two new varieties were grown on several thousand acres for seed production. The first of these is Outlook, which is notable for high yield potential and resistance to the Russian wheat aphid. Outlook has grain protein percentage approximately 0.2% less than McNeal based on 40 location years of testing. Gluten strength of Outlook is average relative to other hard red spring wheat varieties, and lower than McNeal. A second new variety is named Choteau. Choteau has protein levels approximately 0.5% higher than McNeal, and is resistant to the wheat stem sawfly. Gluten strength of Choteau is similar to other hard red spring wheat varieties, and weaker than McNeal. There were 2.05 million acres of winter wheat harvested in Montana in 2005. Average yield was 45 bu/a for a total production of 92.25 million bushels. Leading varieties were Rampart (23% of acreage) followed by Neeley (12%), Tiber (12%), Morgan (7%), Rocky (7%), and Vanguard (6%). In 2005, we completed a set of studies designed to address the yield effects of a starch biosynthetic transgene upon maize yield. Our results indicate that increasing the activity of the rate limiting step in seed starch biosynthesis does not increase agronomic yield under most Montana growing conditions. Our current studies in this area have found that under favorable growing conditions, yield increases are associated with increased flag leaf photosynthetic rates. We also completed a study designed to measure the effects of puroindoline expression upon pilot scale milling quality. This study involved using the Miag Multomat mill to generate mill yield curves for a hard red spring wheat control variety and three transgenic lines having varying levels of added puroindoline expression. The results indicate that increasing puroindolines modifies mill yield curves substantially. Super-soft genotypes that had puroindoline levels above those found in common soft wheats had improved milling performance relative to the soft and hard wheat genotypes. Hard spring wheat Bobwhite has puroindoline genotype pina-D1b/pinb-D1a (pina null). It was transformed with the wild type pina sequence (pina-D1a). Bobwhite and three transgenic isolines were grown in replicated trials with and without irrigation during 2005. The transgenic isolines had soft grain. Grain from these trials was used to mill straight grade and whole wheat flour for Bobwhite and the three transgenic lines. Bread was baked from the straight grade and whole wheat flours. The transgenic lines had lower flour yield than Bobwhite. One of the transgenic lines had loaf volume equal to or better than Bobwhite for both straight grade and whole wheat flours, while the other two had lower loaf volume than Bobwhite. These results show that transgenic expression of the wild type pina-D1a sequence can compliment the pina-D1b allele (pina null allele), and that a soft wheat could produce loaf volume equal to hard wheat when protein quantity and quality are similar. Oregon Wheat Varieties: A new soft white common wheat variety, ORSS-1757, was released from the OSU program. Experimental line OR2010239 and varieties ORCF-101 and ORSS-1757 were tested by the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council and varieties ORCF-101 and ORSS-1757 were also tested for quality in the US Wheat sponsored Overseas Varietal Analysis Initiative. Wheat Quality Research: The OSU Wheat Quality Program investigated the effects of wheat kernel composition in noodle making and other wheat-based end-products. The program also processed high-throughput screening of hard and soft early generation wheat nurseries (approximately 1500 head row samples) and tested functionality of grain from the Oregon Winter Elite Yield Trials (OWEYT) (336 samples). First year data from the OWEYT grain indicated a strong redistribution of ranks of relative quality for genotypes when made into wire-cut cookies as compared to the standard sugar-snap type. Second year data was not entirely confirmatory of this outcome. However, new high-quality Oregon variety ORSS-1757 topped the rankings for wire-cut cookie diameter and was 5th most tender of 40 soft white winter elite breeders lines and varieties. Investigations commenced on the influences of genotype and processing on the formation and relevance of glutenin macropolymer in noodle applications. This investigation follows from work done in breadmaking by other research groups and permits a new perspective for derivation of new quality screening tests and is cutting edge for research into wheat-flour noodles. Work continues to quantify relative contributions of protein and starch to noodle texture at varying flour protein contents and relevant samples varying in starch characteristics have been collected, milled and fractionated for reconstitution studies. The project also compiled and published the 2005 version of Oregon Preferred Wheat Variety Lists for soft white winter wheat. Using data derived from graduate studies in the breeding program investigating interactions between nitrogen management, water stress and protein content and composition we have also commenced an international collaboration to investigate the use of Fourier transformations to analyze Mixograph data. This will be applied to provide more information form this widely used and standard dough rheology test method. Innovative analyses of chromatographic data on wheat proteins pioneered last year are being applied to Argentinian wheats in another international collaboration. To maintain the practical relevance of the overall project Dr Ross and Dr Peterson traveled to Asia in January 2005 to meet with Asian buyers and users of U.S. wheats.

Publications

Colordao Butler, J.D., Haley, S.D., and Seabourn, B.W. 2005. Efficiency of selection for wheat kernel characteristics using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. Clayshulte, S.R., Haley, S.D., Chapman, P.L., Seabourn, B.W., and Chung, O.K. 2005. Nursery location clustering based on Hard Winter Wheat Regional quality evaluations. Proc. Intl. Wheat Qual. Conf., Manhattan, May 22-25 2005. Haley, S.D., Quick, J.S., Johnson, J.J., Peairs, F.B., Stromberger, J.A., Clayshulte, S.R., Clifford, B.L., Rudolph, J.B., Seabourn, B.W., Chung, O.K., Jin, Y., and Kolmer, J. 2005. Registration of 'Hatcher' wheat. Crop Sci. 45:2654-2655. Stromberger, J.A., Stushnoff, C., Butler, J.D., Clifford, B.L., and Haley, S.D. 2005. Genotype and environment effects and quality trait associations with antioxidant properties of wheat grain. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. Idaho Guttieri, M.J., R. McLean, J.C. Stark, and E. Souza. 2005. Managing irrigation and nitrogen fertility of hard spring wheats for optimum bread and noodle quality. Crop Sci. 45:2049-2059. McLean, R., K.M. OBrien, L.E. Talbert, P. Bruckner, D.K. Habernicht, M.J. Guttieri, and E.J. Souza. 2005. Environmental influences on flour quality for sheeted noodles of Idaho 377s hard white wheat. Cereal Chem. 82:559-564. Souza, E.J., B.J. Goates, G. Fuentes-Davila, and J.A. Udall. 2005. Registration of ID)602 spring wheat germplasm. Crop Sci. 45:428-429. Souza, E.J., M.J. Guttieri, and J.A. Udall. 2005. Registration of IDO580 spring wheat germplasm. Crop Sci. 45:429-430. Souza, E.J., N.A. Bosque-Pérez, M.J. Guttieri, D.J. Schotzko, S.O. Guy, B. Brown, and R. Zemetra. 2005. Registration of Jerome wheat. Crop Sci. 45:1161-1162. Montana Hansen, K. A., J. M. Martin, S. P. Lanning, and L. E. Talbert. 2005. Correlation of genotype performance for agronomic and physiological traits in space-planted versus densely-seeded conditions. Crop Sci. 45:1023-1028. Hogg, A. C., B. Beecher, J. M. Martin, F. Meyer, L. Talbert, S. Lanning, and M. J. Giroux. 2005. Hard wheat milling and bread baking traits affected by the seed-specific over-expression of puroindolines. Crop Sci. 45:871-878. McLean, R., K. M. OBrien, L. E. Talbert, P. Bruckner, D. K. Habernicht, M. J. Gutteiri, and E. J. Souza. 2005. Environmental influences on flour quality for sheeted noodles in Idaho 377s hard white wheat. Cereal Chem. 82:559-564. Oregon Ohm J.B., Ross A.S., Ong Y.L., Peterson C.J. 2005. Relationship of flour proteins with noodle color parameters in white winter wheats. Poster Proceedings of the 2005 meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. AACC Press, St Paul MN. ISBN 1891127497 Ohm J., Ross A.S., Peterson C.J., Engle D.A., Morris C.F. 2005. Relationships of cookie diameter with wheat and flour characteristics in club and soft wheats. Poster Proceedings of the 2005 meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. AACC Press, St Paul MN. ISBN 1891127497 Ohm J., Ross A.S., Peterson C.J., Engle D.A., Morris C.F. 2005. Relationships of quality characteristics with size exclusion HPLC chromatogram of wheat protein extracts in soft white winter wheats. Poster Proceedings of the 2005 meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. AACC Press, St Paul MN. ISBN 1891127497 Ross A.S., Hatcher D.W. 2005. Guidelines for the laboratory manufacture of Asian wheat-flour noodles. Cereal Foods World. 50 (6): 296-304 A. S. Ross, J. B. Ohm, and T. Simpson. 2005. 2005 Preferred Wheat Varieties Lists for Oregon: Soft White Winter and White Club Wheats. Multiple publications and http://www.owgl.org Ross A.S. 2005. Selecting for Quality II. The importance of market feedback. Oregon Wheat, 57: 10-12.

Impact Statements

A new soft white common wheat variety, ORSS-1757, was released from the OSU program.
Colorado State advanced one line (CO00016) for Foundation seed production in 2006. This line has been the top yielding line in dryland variety trials on a three-year average and also appears to have excellent milling and bread-baking properties.
Whole-grain NIR calibrations for test weight, kernel weight, and kernel diameter were developed, each explaining over 70% of the variability in trait expression among samples in a validation set of CSU experimental lines.
Rapid laboratory assays for antioxidant properties of wheat grain were adopted to study the genetic and environmental effects on antioxidant properties of wheat grain at CSU.
Yellowstone was released in September 2005 by Montana State. Yellowstone is a very high-yielding, winter hardy HRW wheat line with medium test weight, maturity, height, and grain protein. Yellowstone has a long mixing time, good water absorption, excellent baking quality and good Asian noodle quality.
MTCL0306 is a low-PPO, hard white, one-gene Clearfield line with a dual-purpose quality package similar to NuWest and NuSky. MTCL0306 has been exclusively licensed by MSU to Westbred LLC for sale of commercial seed stocks.
MTCL0316 is a one-gene Clearfield hard red winter wheat released by Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2005. MTCL0316 has been exclusively licensed by MSU to Westbred LLC for sale of commercial seed stocks.
MTCL0318 is a solid-stem, one-gene Clearfield hard red winter wheat released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2005. MTCL0318 is a solid stem Rampart-type Clearfield HRW line similar in most characteristics to Rampart, but with the addition of Beyond herbicide tolerance. MTCL0318 has been exclusively licensed by MSU to Westbred LLC for sale of commercial seed stocks.
Juniper hard red winter wheat was released by UI. Juniper is a tall-stature wheat for rain-fed production. It has excellent emergence in deep seeded conditions and is resistant to stripe rust, dwarf bunt, and snow mold. Juniper is targeted as a replacement for Bonneville and is easier to thresh than Bonneville.
The UI begun using the wire-cut cookie test, AACC Method 10-54. The method was successfully modified to a bake time of 10 min. as this provided a useful range of moisture loss values (between 11.8% and 14.2% with better cultivars over 13%).
Two significant relationships with the solvent retention capacity (SRC) test were identified in 2005 bakes at the UI. SRC water absorption was very highly negatively correlated with cookie diameter, and hardness force divided by cookie surface area was negatively correlated with sucrose SRC.