NC7: Conservation, Management, Enhancement and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[09/25/2023]

Date of Annual Report: 09/25/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/31/2023 - 08/01/2023
Period the Report Covers: 07/31/2022 - 08/01/2023

Participants

In person: Thomas Lübberstedt, David Brenner, Steve Cermak, Dipak Santra, David Peters, Jonathan Fresnedo Ramirez, Erik Sacks, Carolyn Lawrence-Dill, Laura Marek, Michael Stamm, David Baltensperger, Addie Thompson

Online: Gayle Volk, Jessica Shade, Burton Johnson, Charlie Fenster, Peter Brenning

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

NC7 RTAC Meeting Minutes 2023.pdf

Accomplishments

<h1>Plant Introduction Research Unit and the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS):</h1> Obj 1: Development and utilization of diverse plant genetic resource (PGR) collections (germplasm) are essential, valuable sources of genetic diversity for use in scientific research, education, and crop improvement programs in the U.S. and internationally. The NCRPIS is a key element of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), specializing in heterozygous, heterogenous, outcrossing crops and their wild relatives of maize, vegetables, oilseeds, woody and herbaceous ornamentals, and a wide variety of crops such as amaranth, perilla, quinoa and more. For the past 74 years, the crop collections important to the North Central Region (NCR) have been supported through the partnerships with Hatch Multi-State Project NC-007, the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, the State Agricultural Experiment Stations of the NCR, and Iowa State University (ISU). These resources are used to improve crop production genetics and technologies to address challenges related to climate instability, changing abiotic and biotic stress pressures, demands for bioenergy resources, and to enhance the health and nutrition of society. Curatorial personnel acquire, maintain and conserve, phenotypically evaluate, genetically characterize, document, and distribute plant genetic resources and associated information. Collection development is a complex process, and depends on access to resources controlled by state, national, international, and both public and private entities. Identification of gaps in PGR collection representation is necessary to develop acquisition priorities, and gaps are addressed via exploration and/or exchange with other collections. Obj 2, 4, 5: Germplasm Acquisition, Maintenance and Distribution: The NCRPIS collection holds 55,117 accessions (54,650 in FY2022) growing by 467 accessions. In FY2023 to date, 40.055 items were distributed, comparable to the 45,468 items distributed in FY2022, reflecting a slight easing of demand due as the final impacts of the pandemic move out of the system. About 15,000 items are distributed annually for internal PGR management needs. In FY2023 to date 1,016 orders were received. The collections are 80% available. More than 1,500 seed health tests were performed to comply with phytosanitary import requirements associated with international maize and sunflower seed requests. Approximately 5,075 accessions were tested for viability as part of routine maintenance activities to ensure the quality of the collections. Backup seed lots were sent of 918 accessions to the National Laboratory for Genetic Resource Preservation (NLGRP) in Ft. Collins, CO; 84% of the collection is backed up. Approximately 1,359 accessions were grown for seed increase across all taxa, including perennials that will be maintained until seed increase goals are achieved, about a 20% decrease from 2022 plantings. This is below historical averages resulting from increasingly tight budgets and labor availability. Obj 3: Evaluation and Characterization: Observations for about 897 accessions and images for 2,020 accessions were loaded to the GRIN-Global (GG) database. Obj 4: Software Development: Our development staff released enhancements to various wizards used by genebank personnel to manage workflows and seamlessly integrate information in GG, and new Curator Tool versions. A new Attach Wizard enables a variety of file and record types to be associated with accessions / accession groups. These products support management of associated information, curatorial workflows, and public access to information associated with PGR that facilitates their use. All enhancements must be coordinated with changes made to the public GG website’s functionality. Obj 5: Tours were limited due to the pandemic. Professional findings were presented at scientific conferences and virtually to educators and other stakeholders. Curator outreach activities were directed to classrooms and interested public groups such as the Iowa Beekeepers and 4-H clubs. Development of learning objects and training materials for a Higher Education Challenge Grant has been completed. <h1>Accomplishments and Impacts – State Reports:</h1> Illinois (Sacks): No report submitted Indiana (Hoagland): A diverse group of faculty at Purdue University utilized resources from the National Germplasm Repository in their research programs over the past year. In particular, NC-7 participants, Lori Hoagland and Diane Wang used germplasm for research to investigate beneficial plant-microbial relationships and resistance to water stress, respectively. Work in the Hoagland Lab focused primarily on specialty crops, including carrot, tomato, kale, basil and quinoa, and the primary goal of her studies is to mediate pathogen and heavy metal stress by leveraging beneficial plant-soil-microbial relationships. The role of domestication of these crops on these microbiome-mediated processes is of particular focus in her lab. Work in the Wang Lab focused on identifying traits within rice germplasm with potential for mediating water stress. Both lab groups used Purdue’s new phenotyping facility to optimize the application of hyperspectral imaging in quantifying differences in these stress traits. Other faculty at Purdue who reported using resources from the National Plant Germplasm Repository were Mohsen Mohammadi, Yiwei Jiang, and Mitch Tuinstra. Work in the Mohammadi Lab is focused on identifying root traits in wheat with potential to help mediate water stress. Work within the Jiang Lab is investigating natural variations in perennial ryegrass for development and stress response traits and genes. Finally, work in the Tuinstra Lab was focused on developing maize and sorghum varieties with better adaptation to abiotic stress and is also developing new approaches to quantify these traits using imaging tools in the field. Iowa (Lübberstedt): The Lübberstedt research team’s efforts to understand the basis of spontaneous doubling of the haploid maize genome resulted in isolation of the first two plant genes, in Arabidopsis thaliana, with demonstrated impact on haploid male fertility (Aboobucker et al. 2023). Mutants in homologues of these genes (Parallel Spindle and Jason) are currently being evaluated in maize, to determine, whether the meiotic mechanism underlying this effect is conserved across a wide range of species for potential future application in crops. Haploid inducer development is ongoing in two PhD projects of Yu-Ru Chen (2023 graduation) and Vencke Gruening. The goal is to develop inducers with high haploid induction capability, but also to add other features such as high oil content for facilitated haploid selection or other novel applications. Moreover, agreements have been established with three partners to jointly develop tropicalized and regionally adapted inducers based on temperate ISU inducers. Those partners are located in Brazil (EMBRAPA), Ghana (WACCI), and Thailand (Khon Kaen University). These collaborations did already result in student and scientist exchange as well as joint publications (e.g., Dermail et al. 2022, 2023). Collaborations with the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project utilize doubled haploid (DH) technology to generate new germplasm suitable for both genetic investigations, and to adapt exotic maize resources to provide usable, temperate lines. Both BGEM lines as well as DH lines derived from the temperate adapted population BS39, which is topical materials photoperiod-adapted by Dr. Hallauer, are used in ongoing projects. One longer-term collaboration with Federal University of Vicosa in Brazil (Prof. Lima) is evaluating wide adaption of testcross hybrids of BS39 to environments both in the U.S. and Brazil. 200 genotyped BS39-derived lines were shared with Prof. Lima’s group for this purpose. In addition, various PhD students from Prof. Lima have been able to obtain fellowships to spend 6-12 months at ISU to work on collaborative projects. The BS39-derived materials are currently further advanced, and improved lines developed in USDA OREI projects, and in the frame of the ongoing USDA SAS project RegenPGC (<a href="https://www.regenpgc.org/">https://www.regenpgc.org/</a>), which aims at introducing perennial ground cover into current corn and soybean production fields in Midwest U.S. Kansas (Stamm): The canola, soybean, and wheat breeding programs at Kansas State University participate in continued germplasm enrichment by utilizing the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System and respective regional plant introduction centers. For example, the canola breeding program is proactively introgressing clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) resistance from PI 443015 into select germplasm and elite lines. The soybean program is routinely phenotyping unique PI lines for response to heat stress to understand the genetic and physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance in soybean. Simultaneous improvements of wheat yield and quality have challenged wheat breeders for decades. Wheat wild relatives provide a treasure trove of untapped genetic potential to enhance key characteristics of bread wheat. The wheat breeding program is actively using Aegilops tauschii, Ambylopyrum mutica, Triticum dicoccoides and Ae. ventricosa to address challenging biotic and abioitic stresses in T. aestivum and to explore the potential for improving wheat quality and nutritional traits. Michigan (Grumet): Our major activities are to characterize and utilize NPGS germplasm.  Genetic analysis, including DNA sequencing, allows us to identify and understand diversity present in the collections and provides information critical to map important traits onto chromosomes and identify useful candidate genes.  Phenotypic analysis allows us to find new sources from the collections that contain valuable traits such as resistances to diseases or environmental stresses, improved seed processing and nutritional qualities, or plant growth characteristics to enhance yield.  We utilize genetic information about individual accessions combined with genetic crosses to identify DNA regions associated with the trait, and to develop makers to facilitate efficient transfer of the trait.  The germplasm and identified markers are then used in plant breeding programs to transfer useful traits into valuable cultivars for farmers.  Specific examples as evidenced by our publications in the past year include characterizing maize genetic diversity and its interaction with environment for yield prediction; genetic characterization of drought responses in maize, sorghum, and resurrection grasses; examination of morphological and genetic diversity of cucumber fruit development; genetic characterization of common bean breeding lines and analysis of common bean diversity for nutritional and cooking characteristics; examining effect of self-compatibility factors for potato breeding and development of diploid potato germplasm; exploring the role of allopolyploidy in genomic diversity; genomic analysis of sour cherry; diversity analysis for bloom time in apple; and identification of QTL for Pythium resistance in soybean, Phytophthora resistance in cucumber, and introgression of rust resistance into wheat. Minnesota (Lorenz): The University of Minnesota Soybean Breeding Program is accessing the wide range of genetic variation contained on the soybean collection in several ways. This past year we accessed 20 accessions with putative tolerance to chewing insects to initiate studies on soybean resistance to Japanese Beetle, a potential up-and-coming pest. A good range of variation was observed, with two accessions (PI 171451 and PI 229358) showing very good resistance, with area consumed being only one-third of the check. Another example is an era study on changes in shoot architecture in soybean accompanying yield. We accessed over 50 varieties from the germplasm collection that were released in different decades and studied changes in shoot morphology that occurred through time. Data analysis and interpretation is underway, but it appears traits such as branching distribution and petiole length distribution down the main stem were significantly affected. Studies such as these, using these invaluable germplasm resources, will allow us to improve pest resistance and yield in the future. Missouri (Flint-Garcia): Sherry Flint-Garcia – Maize: The Flint-Garcia lab (USDA-ARS in Columbia, MO) continues to investigate teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) and landraces (AKA heirloom varieties) as a source of novel and useful alleles to improve maize.  Landraces can be viewed as similar to heirloom varieties in other crops and provide genes and traits that were eliminated from modern maize breeding pools. Our lab’s most focus is to explore human food quality traits in maize by evaluating flavor, aroma, texture, and key target metabolites in seeds of and in food products from heirloom corn varieties. We were recently awarded a USDA-NIFA-AFRI grant to characterize the 1000 “Maize Heirloom Varieties of the United States” at both the genotypic and phenotypic level.  The heirlooms will be grown in replicated field trials in Missouri and North Carolina (co-PD Jim Holland, USDA-ARS) starting in summer 2024. An array of phenotypes will be collected including 1) manually collected traits which reflect adaptation and can be used to target germplasm to specific growing regions; 2) weekly UAV-based phenotypes (coordinated by co-PDs Jacob Washburn, USDA-ARS in Columbia MO, and Joe Gage, NCSU) which are closely correlated with crop productivity; 3) image based ear and kernel data  aligned with prior characterization of other landrace collections; 4) NIR-estimated starch and protein content in the grain; and 5) grain test weight and kernel hardness which are physical grain quality traits important for processing food and feed. A subset of 450 heirlooms will be selected for genotyping in order to conduct cluster analysis, establish a phylogeny and phylogenetic networks, analyze diversity, and establish relationships between U.S. heirlooms and representative Mexican heirlooms. Sherry Flint-Garcia and Jacob Washburn – Maize: The CERCA (Circular Economy that Reimagines Corn Agriculture) project is a large multi-institutional project aimed at transforming US grain farmland into a net-negative component of a circular bioeconomy and reducing global greenhouse gases, by converting maize to an earlier season annual with reduced environmental impacts through increased uptake and recycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus fertilizer.  There are numerous aspects of the CERCA Project, but only those related to maize work by USDA-ARS in Columbia, MO will be mentioned here.  The Flint-Garcia lab is working to reduce the N content of the grain by reducing protein from ~8% to ~4%, which will reduce the amount of N fertilizer applied and reduce the N content in animal waste.  We are taking numerous targeted approaches to reduce protein by examining N transporters in the plant, N sink in the grain, and protein synthesis machinery in the grain. We are also taking several untargeted approaches to reducing grain N by screening natural variation (maize germplasm from NPGS/NC7) and conducting selection for low grain N in numerous breeding populations.  The Washburn lab is working to develop corn that can survive and thrive in early season plantings by conducting experiments in the field, growth chamber, greenhouse and lab to determine how different corn genotypes (e.g. highland maize landraces) and corn wild relatives perform photosynthesis under cold conditions and identify genes, pathways, and mechanisms for breeding, engineering, and testing in elite maize cultivars.  For all aspects of the CERCA project, germplasm from NCRPIS/NPGS will be screened for desirable traits and used as parents in mapping populations and breeding populations. Nebraska (Santra) <h2>In 2023, 71 Proso millet accessions were planted for the first time at Lincoln for adoptability in the eastern Nebraska environment and 204 germplasm were planted at Scottsbluff. The germplasm grew well at Lincoln and produced mature seed. Many genotypes had foliar diseases of both fungal and bacterial. The seed was harvested on August 24, 2023. This showed that Proso millet was adopted in eastern Nebraska. The accessions grown in Scottsbluff grew well and mature seed was harvested.</h2> North Dakota (Johnson): Current new crop evaluations include industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), open-pollinated white grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and ‘Kernza’ intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium). Among these, only industrial hemp has been grown commercially with first grower grain production in 2016 at 28 ha, production peaking in the following several years approaching 1620 ha, and since 2020 declining hectarage to near 160. Open-pollinated white sorghum genotypes continue to be explored for small community farm plots with encouraging results, whereas Kernza is still undergoing university test-plot evaluations. Seed stocks for several crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) varieties were increased again in 2023 as in the past two growing seasons due to declining seed quality and dwindling to almost exhausted seed inventories. Crambe variety trial results for the 2023 growing season ranged from 1960 to 2500 kg/ha among four varieties grown at the Prosper field research location with an early June planting date. Renewed interest in crambe as a cover crop component and for intercropping were initiated in 2022 and continued in 2023. Crambe and other Brassica oilseeds canola (Brassica napus L.) and camelina (Camelina sativa L.) were grown in two-crop intercrop combinations in mixed- and alternating-row arrangements at several seeding rates at the Prosper location to determine land equivalent ratios and the possibility of overyielding. Variety releases from the North Dakota Expt. Station for 2023 include ‘ND Stanley’ durum (Triticum turgidum L.), ‘ND Heron’ hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), ‘ND Treasure’ barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and ‘ND Spilde’ and ‘ND Carson’ oat (Avena sativa L.). Ohio (Fresnedo-Ramirez): During 2023, the Ohio Ag Experiment Station has continued working on the characterization, utilization, and improvement of genetic resources and related genetic/genomic information. This research and development targets both staple and specialty crops, as well as plant species that affect the production of such crops. Thus, in the last year, compilations addressing the development of resources around the epigenetics of almond have been published. Another focus point is research on using improved germplasm and understanding how working on the nutritional quality of crops may influence human health, such as the effects of tomato composition on gut microbiome. Also, in Solanaceae, the characterization of genetic resources in chili pepper has enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity of this group of plants from the perspective of their population structure. Addressing the origin of non-crop plant species with relevance in agriculture, our work to understand the origin and evolution of the weediness of ragweed has enabled us to understand their multiple origins and mechanisms. In terms of staple crops, a very relevant study on the effect of consecutive cycles of genomic selection on the wheat genome has enabled another point of view on the implementation of this approach in wheat and the breeding of other crops. Our work on staple crops has also had an impact overseas. A comprehensive work on understanding yields and performance trends in pre-commercial maize germplasm has shed light on the genetic resources available in Uganda. During the year 2024, it is expected that the efforts around the active domestication and breeding programs at Ohio State will continue contributing to expanded knowledge on several crops and allied plant species. The joining of Dr. Yu Ma as director of the Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center (OPGC) in August 2023 elevates expectations on the research and activities that the OPGC will perform starting in 2024 while also adding expertise and perspective to the NC-7. South Dakota (Caffe): Yellow-flowered alfalfa PGR were evaluated in the field and in the greenhouse. Several accessions were identified with desirable characteristics which will be used in pre-breeding to improve alfalfa persistence in rangelands and adaptation to the Northern Great Plains. A new project was initiated which consisted of evaluating spring barley germplasm for Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) resistance. While small grains can help diversify crop production in South Dakota and improve soil health, FHB resistance is necessary to produce barley in the state. Finally, oat PGR with good winter survival was used in crossing for the development of oat breeding lines with improved winter hardiness. Wisconsin (Tracy): Maize is an important crop in Wisconsin and supports many aspects of Wisconsin’s diverse agriculture. Annually over 4 million acres of field maize are grown in Wisconsin. The farm gate value in 2022 was 3.5 billon. The corn crop underpins the state $32 billion dairy industry. About 900,000 acres of corn is harvested for corn silage. The remaining production is used mainly for animal feed and ethanol production, although a portion is processed into human fand pet food. Sweet corn is an important vegetable used in both U.S. fresh market and processing industries. Wisconsin ranks third in processed sweet corn production and the total sweet corn crop has a farm gate value of roughly 70 million. Given the economic importance of maize in Wisconsin and the long tradition of excellence in maize research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences supports a number of faculty members studying and improving maize. Professor JM Ane, Departments of Bacteriology and Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Objectives: Our laboratory seeks to understand and manipulate the molecular mechanism controlling symbiotic associations between plants and microbes. We transfer information gained from model plants such as Medicago truncatula to crops such as soybean, rice, and corn in order to take full advantage of the fantastic opportunities offered by these beneficial associations to our agriculture. Our goal is to use microbes better to maintain the sustainability of our agriculture by protecting the environment over the long term and reducing costs for food, feed, and biofuel production. Professor N de Leon: Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Objectives: The UW Corn Silage and Biofeedstock Breeding Program, includes one of the only silage breeding programs in the U.S. public sector. The goal of her research is to identify efficient mechanisms to better understand the genetic constitution of economically relevant traits in maize and to improve plant breeding efficiency. Her research integrates genomic, phenomic, and environmental information to accelerate translational research for enhanced sustainable crop productivity. Professor SM Kaeppler: Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Objectives: Breeding, genetics, and genomics research in maize with focus on early maturity cultivars, nutrient acquisition and use efficiency, stress tolerance, and grain and stover composition. Basic research includes epigenetics and genome biology. Professor WF Tracy: Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Objectives: Sweet corn breeding and genetics for quality, productivity, and pest resistance. Breeding for organic and participatory systems. Genetics, genomics, biochemistry, and modification of endosperm starch biosynthesis and the effects on quality, germination, and cold tolerance. Origins and history of sweet corn.

Publications

<h1>Illinois</h1> Banerjee S, Singh R, Eilts K, Sacks EJ, Singh V. 2022. Valorization of Miscanthus x giganteus for sustainable recovery of anthocyanins and enhanced production of sugars. Journal of Cleaner Production. 369:133508. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clepro.2022.133508">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clepro.2022.133508</a> Njuguna JN, Clark LV, Anzoua KG, Bagmet L, Chebukin P, Dwiyanti MS, Dzyukenko E, Dzyubenko N, Ghimire BK, Jin X, Johnson DA, Jorgensen U, Kjeldsen JB, Nagano H, Peng J, Petersen KK, Sabitov A, Seong ES, Yamada T, Yoo JH, Yu CY, Zhao H, Long SP, Sacks EJ. 2023. Biomass yield in a genetically diverse Miscanthus sacchariflorus germplasm panel phenotyped at five locations in Asia, North America, and Europe. GCB Bioenergy. 00:1-21. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13043">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13043</a> Palma-Salgado S, Ku KM, Juvick JA, Nguyen TH, Feng H. 2023. Artificial phylloplanes resembling physicochemical characteristics of selected fresh produce and their potential use in bacterial attachment/removal studies. Food Control. 149:109730. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109730">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109730</a> Paulsmeyer MN, Juvik JA. 2023. Increasing aleurone layer number and pericarp yield for elevated nutrient content in maize. G3 Journal. 13:jkad085. <a href="https://doi.org/10/1093/g3journal/jkad085">https://doi.org/10/1093/g3journal/jkad085</a> Paulsmeyer MN, Juvik JA. 2023. R3-MYB repressor Mybr97 is a candidate gene associated with the Anthocyanin3 locus and enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in maize. Theor Appl Genet. 136:55. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04275-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04275-4</a> Sakhale SA, Yadav S, Clark LV, Lipka AE, Kumar A, Sacks EJ. 2023. Genome-wide association analysis for emergence of deeply sown rice (Oryza sativa) reveals novel aus-specific phytohormone candidate genes for adaptation to dry-direct seeding in the field. Front. in Plant Sci. 12:1172816. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1172816">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1172816</a> Trieu A, Belaffif MB, Hirannaiah P, Manjunatha S, Wood R, Bathula Y, Billingsley RL, Arpan A, Sacks EJ, Clemente TE, Moose SP, Reichert NA, Swaminathan K. 2022. Transformation and gene editing in the bioenergy grass Miscanthus. Biotechnol Biofuels. 15:148. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-022-02241-8">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-022-02241-8</a> Varela S, Zheng X, Njuguna JN, Sacks EJ, Allen DP, Ruhter J, Leakey ADB. 2022. Deep convolutional neural networks exploit high-spatial-and temporal-resolution aerial imagery to phenotype key traits in Miscanthus. Remote Sensing. 14:5333. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215333">https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215333</a> Zhang S, Huang G, Zhang Y, Lv X, Wan K, Liang J, Feng Y, Dao J, Wu S, Zhang L, Yang X, Lian X, Huang L, Shao L, Zhang J, Qin S, Tao D, Crews TE, Sacks EJ, Wade LJ, Hu F. 2022. Sustained productivity and agronomic potential of perennial rice. Nature Sustainability. 6:28-38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-002-00997-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-002-00997-3</a> <h1>Indiana</h1> Bessho-Uehara K, Masuda K, Wang DR, Angeles-Shim RB, Obara K, Nagai K, Murase R, Aoki S, Furuta T, Miura K, Wu J, Yamagata Y, Yasui H, Kantar MB, Yoshimura A, Kamura T, McCouch SR, Ashikiri. 2023. Regulator of Awn Elongation 3, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is responsible for loss of awns during African rice domestication. PNAS. 120:e2207105120. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2207105120">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2207105120</a> Diatta-Holgate E, Hugghis E, Weil C, Faye JM, Danquah A, Diatta C, Tongoona P, Danquah EY, Cisse N, Tuinstra MR. 2022. Natural variability for protein digestibility and grain quality traits in a West African Sorghum Association Panel. Journal Cereal Sci. p.103504. <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.jcs.2022.103504&data=05%7C01%7Clhoaglan%40purdue.edu%7C818e983f32564dd79a4608dbb86b5465%7C4130bd397c53419cb1e58758d6d63f21%7C0%7C0%7C638306543334539389%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=3Exj1e7p9ob4imOitiucx6R0CLT2AAoMQyf%2FTdHxVFU%3D&reserved=0">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103504</a> Lin M, Lynch V, Ma D, Maki H, Jin J, Tuinstra MR. 2022. Multi-species prediction of physiological traits with hyperspectral modeling. Plants. 11:676. <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%2Fplants11050676&data=05%7C01%7Clhoaglan%40purdue.edu%7C818e983f32564dd79a4608dbb86b5465%7C4130bd397c53419cb1e58758d6d63f21%7C0%7C0%7C638306543334539389%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=TGK61t0EVgH6x5rnCBSIOk7Kk4ZGbuOONkJEWIobYG0%3D&reserved=0">https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050676</a>. Marghoob MU, Rodriquez-Sanchez A, Imran A, Mubeen F, Hoagland L. 2022. Diversity and functional traits of indigenous soil microbial flora associated with salinity and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural fields within the Indus Basin region, Pakistan. Front. in Microbiol. 13:1020175. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020175">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020175</a> Nepal N, Condori-Apfata JA, Gaire R, Anco ME, Scofield S, Zhang C, Mohammadi M. 2023. Phenotypic and genotypic resources for the USDA quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) genebank accessions. Crop Sci. 63(5):2685-2698. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21037">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21037</a> Pathak H, Buckmaster D, Messina C, Wang D. 2023. Crop growth model: Optimal application of nitrogen fertilizer in corn for economic returns and environmental sustainability. ASABE Annual Meetings. 2300421. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.202300421">https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.202300421</a> Rizi MS, Mohammadi M. 2023. Breeding crops for enhanced roots to mitigate against climate change without compromising yield. Rhizosphere. 26:100702. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100702">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100702</a> Simons J, Herbert T, Kauffman C, Batete M, Simpson A, Katsuki Y, Le D, Amundson D, Buescher E, Weil C, Tuinstra MR, Addo-Quaye C. 2022. Systematic prediction of EMS-induced mutations in a sorghum mutant population. Plant Direct. 6(5):e404. <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%2Fpld3.404&data=05%7C01%7Clhoaglan%40purdue.edu%7C818e983f32564dd79a4608dbb86b5465%7C4130bd397c53419cb1e58758d6d63f21%7C0%7C0%7C638306543334539389%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=l3%2BA9JX5X6N1uB2R6OapANH9YS%2Bsd1Z211riyqoRanA%3D&reserved=0">https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.404</a> Souza A, Rojas MZ, Yang Y, Lee L, Hoagland L. 2022. Classifying cadmium contaminated leafy vegetables using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning. Heliyon. 8:e12256. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12256">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12256</a> Ting T, Souza A, Imel R, Guadagno CR, Hoagland C, Yang Y, Wang DR. 2023. Quantifying physiological trait variation with automated hyperspectral imaging in rice. 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Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems. 38:e38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170523000340">https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170523000340</a> Rahman M, Hoque A. 2023. Flax Breeding. In: You FM, Fofana B (eds) The Flax Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16061-5_4">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16061-5_4</a> Shaikh TM, Rahman M, Smith T, Anderson JV, Chao WS, Horvath DP. 2023. Homozygosity mapping identified loci and candidate genes responsible for freezing tolerance in Camelina sativa. The Plant Genome. 16(2):e20318. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20318">https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20318</a> Simons KJ, Schroder S, Oladzad A, McClean PE, Conner RL, Penner WC, Stoesz DB, Osorno JM. 2022. Modified screening method of middle American dry bean genotypes reveals new genomic regions on Pv10 associated with anthracnose resistance. Front. in Plant Sci. 15:1015583. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1015583">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1015583</a> Stefaniak TR, Miller J, Jones CR, Miller M, Yusuf M, Harder MA, Larsen JC, Schmitz CA, Carley D, Haagenson A, Thompson TE, Michaels C, Thill, Shannon LM. 2023. Polaris Gold: An attractive, yellow-fleshed tablestock cultivar with chipping potential. American Journal of Potato Research. 100:71-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-022-09896-x <h1>Ohio</h1> Arguello-Blanco MN, Sneller CH. 2023. The effect of cycles of genomic selection on the wheat (T. aestivum) genome. Theor Appl Genet. 136:70. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04279-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04279-0</a> Asea G, Kwemoi DB, Sneller C, Kasozi CL, Das B, Musundire L, Makumbi D, Beyene Y and Prasanna BM. 2023. Genetic trends for yield and key agronomic traits in pre-commercial and commercial maize varieties between 2008 and 2020 in Uganda. Front. in Plant Sci. 14:1020667. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1020667">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1020667</a> Fresnedo-Ramirez J, Anderson ES, D’Amico-Willman K, Gradziel TM. 2023. A review of plant epigenetics through the lens of almond. The Plant Genome. e20367. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20367">https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20367</a> Fresnedo-Ramirez J, Anderson ES, D’Amico-Willman K, Gradziel TM. 2023. Epigenetic regulation in Almond. In Sanchez-Perez R, Fernandez MA, Martinez-Gomez P (eds). The Almond Tree Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30302-0_5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30302-0_5</a> Goggans ML, Bilbrey EA, Quiroz-Moreno CD, Francis DM, Jacobi SK, Kovac J, Cooperstone JL. 2022. Short-Term Tomato Consumption Alters the Pig Gut Microbiome toward a More Favorable Profile. Microbiology Spectrum. 10:6. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02506-22">https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02506-22</a> Li B, Gschwend AR, Hovick SM, Guteck A, McHale L, Harrison SK, Regnier EE. 2022. Evolution of weedy giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): Multiple origins and gene expression variability facilitates weediness. Ecology and Evolution. 12:9590. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9590">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9590</a> McCoy J, Martínez-Ainsworth N, Bernau V, Scheppler H, Hedblom G, Adhikari A, McCormick A, Kantar M, McHale L, Jardón-Barbolla L, Mercer KL, Baumler D. 2023. Population structure in diverse pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions. BMC Res Notes. 16:20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06293-3">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06293-3</a> <h1>South Dakota</h1> Brzozowski LJ, Campbell MT, Hu H, Yao L, Caffe M, Gutierrez L, Smith KP, Sorrells ME, Gore MA, Jannink JL. 2023. Genomic prediction of seed nutritional traits in biparental families of oat (Avena sativa). The Plant Genome. e20370. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20370">https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20370</a> Caffe M, Hall L, Hall N, Bauer R, Kleinjan J, Graham C, Ingemansen JA, Turnipseed B, Krishnan P. 2023. Registration of oat cultivar ‘Rushmore’. J of Plant Reg. 17(2):247-254. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20282">https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20282</a> Casler MD, Lee D, Mitchell RB, Moore KJ, Adler PR, Sulc RM, Johnson KD, Kallenbach RL, Boe AR, Mathison RD, Cassida KA, Min D, Zhang Y, Ong RG, Sato TK. 2023. Biomass quality responses to selection for increased biomass yield in perennial energy grasses. BioEnergy Research. 16:877-885. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10513-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10513-2</a> <h1>Wisconsin</h1> Adak A, Murray SC, Calderón CI, Infante V, Wilker J, Varela JI, Subramanian N, Isakeit T, Ané JM, Wallace J, De Leon N, Johnson C. 2023. Genetic Mapping and Prediction for Novel Lesion Mimic in Maize Demonstrates Quantitative Effects from Genetic Background, Environment and Epistasis. Theor and Appl Genet. 136:155. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04394-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04394-y</a> Branch CA, Tracy WF. 2023. Divergent selection for timing of vegetative phase change. Crop Sci. 63(4):2196-2204. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21016">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21016</a> Choquette NE, Holland JB, Weldekidan T, Drouault J, de Leon N, Flint-Garcia S, Lauter N, Murray SC, Xu W, Wisser RJ. 2023. Environment-specific selection alters flowering-time plasticity and results in pervasive pleiotropic responses in maize. New Phytologist. 238:737-749. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18769">https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18769</a> Colley MC, Dawson JC, McCluskey C, Myers JR, Tracy WF, Lammerts van Bueren ET. 2022. Exploring the emergence of participatory plant breeding in countries of the global North. The Journal of Agricultural Sci. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859621000782">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859621000782</a> Colley MC, Tracy WF, Lammerts van Bueren E, Diffley M, Almekinders C. 2022. How the seed of participatory plant breeding found its way in the world through adaptive management. Sustainability. 14:2132. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042132">https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042132</a> Kick DR, Wallace JG, Schnable JC, Kolkman JM, Alaca B, Beissing TM, Edwards J, Ertl D, Flint-Garcia S, Gage JL, Hirsch CN, Knoll JE, de Leon N, Lima DC, Moreta DE, Singh MP, Thompson A, Weldekidan T, Washburn JD. 2023. Yield prediction through integration of genetic, environmental, and management data through deep learning. G3 Journal. 13:jkad006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad006">https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad006</a> Kumar R, Brar MS, Kunduru B, Ackerman AJ, Yang Y, Luo F, Saski CA, Bridges WC, de Leon N, McMahan C, Kaeppler SM, Sekhon RS. 2023. Genetic architecture of source-sink-regulated senescence in maize. Plant Physiology. kiad460. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad460">https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad460</a> Lima DC, Castro Aveles A, Alpers RT, McFarland BA, Kaeppler S, Ertl D, Romay MC, Gage JL, Holland J, Beissinger T, Bohn M, Buckler E, Edwards J, Flint-Garcia S, Hirsch CN, Hood E, Hooker DC, Knoll JE, Kolkman JM, Liu S, McKay J, Minyo R, Moreta DE, Murray SC, Nelson R, Schnable JC, Sekhon RS, Singh MP, Thomison P, Thompson A, Tuinstra M, Wallace J, Washburn JD, Wldekidan T, Wisser RJ, Xu W, de Leon N. 2023. 2018-2019 field seasons of the Maize Genomes to Fields (G2F) G x E project. BMC Genomic Data. 24:29. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-023-01129-2">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-023-01129-2</a> Lima DC, de Leon N, Kaeppler SM. 2023. Utility of anthesis-silking interval information to predict grain yield under water and nitrogen limited conditions. Crop Sci. 63(1):151-163. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20854">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20854</a> Lima DC, Washburn JD, Verela JI, Chen Q, Gage JL, Romay MC, Holland J, Ertl D, Lopez-Cruz M, Aguate FM, de los Campos G, Kaeppler S, Beissinger T, Bohn M, Buckler E, Edwards J, Flint-Garcia S, Gore MA, Hirsch CN, Knoll JE, McKay J, Minyo R, Murray SC, Ortez OA, Schnable JC, Sekhon RS, Singh MP, Sparks EE, Thompson A, Tuinstra M, Wallace J, Weldekidan T, Xu W, de Leon N. 2023. Genomes to Fields 2022 maize genotype by environment prediction competition. BMC Research Notes. 16:148. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06421-z">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06421-z</a> McFarland FL, Collier R, Walter N, Martinell B, Kaeppler SM, Kaeppler HF. 2023. A key to totipotency: Wuschel-like homeobox 2a unlocks embryogenic culture response in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Biotech Journal. 21(9):1860-1872. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14098">https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14098</a> Pankievicz CVS, Delaux PM, Infante V, Hirsch HH, Rajasekar S, Zamora P, Jayaraman D, Calderon CI, Bennett A, Ané JM. 2022. Nitrogen fixation and mucilage production on maize aerial roots is controlled by aerial root development and border cell functions. Front. in Plant Sci. 13:977056. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.977056">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.977056</a> Schoemaker DL, McFarland F, Marinell B, Michel KJ, Mathews L, O’Brian D, de Leon N, Kaeppler HF, Kaeppler SM. 2023. A practical method to improve the efficiency of pollination in maize breeding and genetics research. Crop Sci. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21049">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21049</a> Van Gelder K, Oliveira-Filho ER, Messina CD, Venado RE, Wilker J, Rajasekar S, Ane JM, Amthor JS, Hanson AD. 2023. Running the numbers on plant synthetic biology solutions to global problems (2023). Plant Sci. 335:111815. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111815">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111815</a> Varela JI, Miller ND, Infante V, Kaeppler SM, de Leon N, Spalding EP. 2022. A novel high-throughput hyperspectral scanner and analytical methods for predicting maize kernel composition and physical traits. Food Chem. 391:133264. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133264">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133264</a> Wang G, Zhou J, Costa M, Kaeppler SM, Zhang Z. 2023. Plot-level maize early stage stand counting and spacing detection using advanced deep learning algorithms based on UAV imagery. Agronomy. 13(7):1728. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071728">https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071728</a> Yactayo-Chang JR, Boehlein S, Beiriger RL, Resende Jr MFR, Bruton RG, Alborn HT, Romero M, Tracy WF, Block AK. 2022. The impact of post-harvest storage on sweet corn aroma. Phytochemistry Letters. 52:33-39. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2022.09.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2022.09.001</a>