Annual/Termination Reports:

[01/15/2002] [08/29/2002] [09/02/2003] [08/16/2004] [08/23/2005]

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Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

The annual meeting was held at the University of California Davis in June conjointly with the Western Wheat Workers. Participants included public and private scientists including plant pathologists, breeders, and extension personnel. Oral presentations by USDA-ARS scientists from the regional lab in Albany, CA discussed the applications of biotechnology, both potential and ongoing, in the development of wheat varieties with improved disease resistance. The discussion was followed by a visit to the NSF-funded Center for Engineering Plants for Resistance Against Pathogens (CEPRAP).<br /> <br><br /> <br>Meeting attendance was very good with 38 total participants from 8 of the 12 member states. In addition, private companies were represented by seed/breeding companies and agrichemical companies. <br /> <br><br /> <br>State reports were given by 8 of the 12 member states. In addition, representatives of the private companies provided updated information on their directions and priorities. Overall the level of interaction among participants was excellent with several lengthy discussions on substantitive disease issues such as stripe rust. <br /> <br><br /> <br>Attendees concluded that the inclusion of representatives from the midwestern states was so beneficial to the overall level of cooperation that Canadian small grain pathologist from the western provinces should be invited to attend next year&lsquo;s meeting. A list of potential participants was identified and invitations were sent in December and will be followed by another invitation in the spring. <br /> <br><br /> <br>The field trip was likewise well-attended and included visits to public and private research plots, the Agraquest Co., and the California Wheat Commission&lsquo;s research lab for quality evaluation.<br /> <br><br /> <br>It was decided to hold the 2002 meeting in Fort Collins, CO and ScottsBluff, NE on June 5-6. Participants will meet in Ft. Collins and travel by car to the Univ. of Nebraska&lsquo;s Panhandle Research and Extension Center, Scottsbluff. Research plots from Colorado State University, University of Nebraska, and private companies will be visited during the trip to Scottsbluff, where the business meeting will be held.<br /> <br><br /> <br>This group continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members. There is continued strong participation and support for its activities by members and the private sector alike.<br /> <br><br /> <br>

Publications

Impact Statements

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Participants

Biggerstaff, Dan, dbiggerstaff@westbred.com, Western Plant Breeders;
Blunt, Tamla, tamblunt@lamar.colostate.edu, Colorado State University;
Brown, Bill, wbrown@lamar.colostate.edu, Colorado State University;
Chen, Xianming, xianming@mail.wsu.edu, USDA-ARS, Washington State University; Cook, Craig, ccook@westbred.com, Western Plant Breeders;
Dill-Macky, Ruth, ruthdm@umn.edu, University of Minnesota; Fichtner, Scott, scottf@lamar.colostate.edu, Colorado State University; Forster, Bob, forster@kimberly.uidaho.edu, University of Idaho; Franc, Gary, francg@uwyo.edu, University of Wyoming; French, Roy, rfrench@unlnotes.unl.edu, USDA-ARS  University of Nebraska; Grey, Bill, wgrey@montana.edu, Montana State University; Harveson, Bob, rharveson@unlnotes.unl.edu, University of Nebraska; Hehn, Gary, ghein1@unl.edu, PHREC U of Nebrask; Hill, Joe, jhill@lamar.colstate.edu, Colorado State University; Jackson, Lee, lfjackson@ucdavis.edu, UC Davis; Jin, Yue, yue_jin@sdstate.edu, South Dakota State University; Johnston, Bob, johnston@montana.edu, Montana State University; Klein, Bob, rklein@unl.edu, University of Nebraska;
McMullen, Marsha, mmcmulle@ndsuext.nodak.edu, North Dakota State University; Milus, Gene, gmilus@uark.edu, University of Arkansas; Mundt, Chris, mundtc@bcc.orst.edu, Oregon State University; Murray, Tim, tim_murray@wsu.edu, Washington State University; Patrick, Rick, rpatrick@unlnotes.unl.edu, PHREC U of Nebraska; Riesselaman, Jack, jhr@montana.edu, Montana State University; Seifers, Dallas, dseifers@oznet.ksu.edu, Kansas State University; Stack, Jim, jstack@unlnotes.unl.edu, SC Research/Extension Center Clay Center Nebraska; Steele, Susan, ssteele@unlnotes.unl.edu, PHREC University of Nebraska; Stenger, Duke, dstenger@unlnotes.unl.edu, USDA-ARS  University of Nebraska; Thomas, John, Jthoma1@unlnotes.unl.edu, PHREC University of Nebraska; Watkins, John, jwatkins1@unl.edu, University of Nebraska;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

The annual meeting of WCC 97 began in Ft. Collins, CO on the evening of June 4, 2002 with a social gathering at Bill Brown&lsquo;s home and concluded at the University of Nebraska Panhandle Research & Extension Center in Scottsbluff on June 6, 2002. On June 5, the group traveled by car to the Anheiser Busch research facility near Ft. Collins and toured their laboratory and greenhouse research facilities where they heard about research priorities and progress. The group then traveled to Sydney, NE for a tour of research plots at the University of Nebraska High Plains Ag Lab, observed fields with severe wheat streak mosaic, and then traveled to Scottsbluff, NE. On 6 June, the group was welcomed to the Panhandle R & E Center by director Chuck Hibberd. The meeting began with a description of cropping systems in the Nebraska Panhandle and was followed by a mini-symposium on Wheat Streak Mosaic. Oral presentations were made by University of Nebraska and USDA-ARS scientists. <br /> <br><br /> <br>Meeting attendance was very good with 30 total participants from 12 of the 13 member states. Participants included public and private scientists including plant pathologists, breeders, and extension personnel. In addition, private companies were represented by seed/breeding companies and agrichemical companies. <br /> <br><br /> <br>State reports were given by 12 states (for details go to http://www.lgu.umd.edu/project/minutes/401_WCC97min06-2002.pdf). In addition, representatives of the private companies provided updated information on their directions and priorities. Overall the level of interaction among participants was excellent with several lengthy discussions on important diseases including wheat streak mosaic and high plains disease, as well as stripe rust, eyespot, and scab.<br /> <br>Although invitations were sent to Canadian small grain pathologist from the western provinces, none were able to attend this years meeting. These individuals will be retained on the mailing list for future meetings. <br /> <br>Meeting participants decided that the group would meet in Oregon in 2003 with the location and date to be determined by local host Chris Mundt. The group further decided to contact individuals at Lethbridge and Obregon to determine if they would be interested in hosting the meeting in 2004. Pullman will be the site of the 2004 meetings should an invitation not be forthcoming, or in 2005.<br /> <br><br /> <br>This group continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members. There is continued strong participation and support for its activities by members and the private sector alike. Such participation is viewed as vital in the context of shrinking resources in the public sector. Next year it will be necessary to begin the petition revision and renewal process.<br /> <br>

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Participants developed a greater understanding of the epidemiology and impact of WSMV on wheat production in western Nebraska and the difficulties in controlling this disease.
2. Yellow head, an emerging new virus disease of wheat was observed. For many participants this was the first opportunity to observe this disease first hand and should enable them to identify this disease should it occur in their home states.
3. Participants exchanged information on loss of resources and personnel in key positions as a result of shrinking budgets at most Land Grant Institutions. This information should be useful in filling research gaps and developing cooperative relationships to deal with small grain diseases across the region.
4. Participants gained a better understanding of the problems associated with diagnosis of High Plains disease and the current state of understanding of this disease.

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Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

The annual meeting of WCC 97 was held in Pendleton, OR June 17-18, 2003 at the Red Lion Hotel in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Western Wheat Workers. The business meeting began with updates on the Stripe Rust situation in the western U.S. by Dr. Xianming Chen, USDA-ARS Pullman, and a discussion of Root and Crown Rot complexes of wheat and barley in the Pacific Northwest by Dr. Dick Smiley, OSU-Pendleton. This was followed by state reports and separate business meetings for each group. A field trip to research plots at the OSU Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center and the surrounding area was held on June 18. In addition to Oregon State University, plots directed by researchers from Washington State University, USDA-ARS, and private industry (AgriPro Wheat, Western Plant Breeders, and MacGregor) were observed.



State reports were given by 7 states (two in absentia). In addition, representatives of private companies provided updated information on their research directions and priorities. Overall the level of interaction among participants was excellent with discussions of several important diseases including stripe rust, Fusarium root and crown rot, common root rot, Rhizoctonia root rot, Cereal cyst nematode, Root-lesion nematode, Cephalosporium stripe, eyespot, and physiological leaf spot. There were also discussions of herbicide-resistant wheat varieties as well as prospects for GMO wheat.

Accomplishments

Meeting participants decided to meet in Pullman, WA in 2004 with the date to be determined by local host Tim Murray. WCC-97 accepted an invitation extended by Dr. Denis Gaudet to meet in Lethbridge, Canada in 2005. <br /> <br><br /> <br>This group continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members. There is continued strong participation and support for its activities by members and the private sector alike.

Publications

Murray, T., L. Vasquez, H. Li, and H. Sheng. 2003. Strawbreaker Foot Rot, Cephalosporium Stripe, and Snow Mold Diseases of Winter Wheat. Washington State University, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences Technical Report 03-1.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Paulitz, T., R. Smiley, and R.J. Cook. 2002. Insights into the prevalence and management of soilborne cereal pathogens under direct seeding in the Pacific Northwest U.S.A. Can. J. Plant Path. 24:416-428.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Smiley, R., R.J. Cook, and T. Paulitz. 2002. Controlling Root and Crown Diseases of Small Grain Cereals. OSU Ext. Publ. EM 8798. 6 p.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Smiley, R., R.J. Cook, and T. Paulitz. 2002. Seed Treatments for Small Grain Cereals. OSU Ext. Publ. EM 8797. 8 p. <br /> <br><br /> <br>Smith, J.D., K.K. Kidwell, M.A. Evans, R.J. Cook, and R.W. Smiley. 2003. Evaluation of spring cereal grains and wild Triticum germplasm for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani AG-8. Crop Sci. 43:701-709.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Smith, J.D., K.K. Kidwell, M.A. Evans, R.J. Cook, and R.W. Smiley. 2003. Assessment of spring wheat genotypes for disease reaction to Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 in controlled environment and direct-seeded field evaluations. Crop Sci. 43:694-700.

Impact Statements

1. Participants developed a greater understanding of the reasons for the recent epidemic of stripe rust in spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest. Methods were discussed for avoiding such epidemics in the future with breeders present at the meeting.
2. Participants developed a greater understanding of crop damage caused by Fusarium crown and root rot, and of the potential for minimizing damage through selection of cultivars with acceptably high levels of tolerance.
3. Participants learned that root-lesion nematode has been shown to be a yield-constraining factor in many dryland fields that have been converted from a 2-year rotation (winter wheat/summer fallow) to an annual cropping system that includes either continuous cereals or cereal/broadleaf crop rotations.

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Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

The annual meeting of WCC 97 was held in Pullman, WA June 28-29, 2004 at the Holiday Inn Express Hotel in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Western Wheat Workers. The business meeting began with a talk by Dr. Jorge Dubcovsky on "Regulation of wheat and barley flowering time by vernalization" and another by Dr. Tim Paulitz on "Epidemiology of soil borne pathogens in direct-seed cereals: New insights from GPS and spatial analysis." State reports followed with separate business meetings for each group in the afternoon and tours of the WSU and ARS facilities on the Washington State University campus. A barbeque dinner was held at a local park in the evening. A field trip to research plots at the Spillman Agronomy Farm, the Palouse Conservation Field Station, and the McGregor Research Farm was held on June 29. Research by both public and private industry (AgriPro Wheat, Western Plant Breeders, and MacGregor) scientists was highlighted during the tour.<br /> <br /> State reports were given by 7 states. In addition, representatives of private companies provided updated information on their research directions and priorities. Overall the level of interaction among participants was excellent with discussions of several important diseases including Cephalosporium stripe, eyespot, stripe rust, Fusarium root and crown rot, Rhizoctonia root rot, and physiological leaf spot. In addition, herbicide-resistant wheat varieties and prospects for GMO wheat were discussed.<br /> <br /> There were 80 participants in the meeting, with 8 from private industry and the balance from the public sector. Five of the 14 WCC-97 member states were represented, which was down from 2002. Retirements and budget reductions have reduced the number of individuals working on small grain in the western U.S. Letters of invitation were sent to scientists in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Idaho to encourage their participation and state representation in WCC-97.<br /> <br /> Meeting participants decided to meet in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada in 2005, with the date to be determined by local host Denis Gaudet. Following discussion of the 2006 meeting location, WCC-97 members decided to accept an invitation to hold a joint meeting with NCR-184 in Fargo, ND. Tim Murray will follow-up to confirm our participation. <br /> <br /> This group continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members. There is continued strong participation and support for its activities by members and the private sector alike. Two members were identified to develop a revised petition for submission by January 15 for consideration at the winter meeting of the Western Directors.<br /> <br /> Other specific accomplishments of committee members during the year include:<br /> Winter wheat cultivar AGSECO 7853 was found to have a temperature sensitive gene for resistance to Stagonospora leaf blotch. Such a gene may be of importance to breeders desiring to increase the adult-plant resistance of wheat cultivars to this disease.<br /> <br /> Resistance to take-all root rot that is evident in some alien grass species (Haynaldia villosa, Hordeum chiliense and H. vulgare) was not expressed in wheat when chromosomes or segments of chromosomes of the alien donor species were incorporated into a wheat cultivar. Resistance from these sources will probably not be easily transferred to wheat.<br /> <br /> Several wheat cultivars released by Kansas State University have effective levels of resistance to Stagonospora leaf blotch that has been effective in the field for several years. Resistance in two of these cultivars appears to be controlled by different single dominant genes. Such resistance should be easily manipulated in breeding programs.<br /> <br /> According to models developed for the amount of yield loss from take-all root rot as a function of the distance of the inoculum from a newly-seeded plant, drilling into no-till wheat residue between the rows, as opposed to across the rows, of old crowns should reduced the disease. This could be accomplished with precision planting equipment and would place the seed the maximum distance from the take-all inoculum (infected wheat crowns from the previous year), minimizing take-all.<br /> <br /> Several foliar fungicides were evaluated for effectiveness against the wheat tan spot disease. This is the latest in an ongoing effort to evaluate experimental chemicals for disease-control efficacy and optimize timing for commercial fungicides.<br /> <br /> The reactions of common commercial winter wheat cultivars to various wheat diseases prevalent in Kansas were disseminated to wheat producers to help them in selecting cultivars that are appropriate for their area and risk level. These data are disseminated to wheat producers and used by wheat breeders and geneticists to make selections for improved resistance. The same publication is also available on the Web.<br />

Publications

Extension & Technical publications<br /> Bockus, W.W. 2004. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of tan spot of winter wheat, 2003. Fung. & Nema. Tests. Vol. 59 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/FNtests/).<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., and Davis, M.A. 2004. Reaction of selected winter wheat cultivars to tan spot and leaf rust, 2003. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 19 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> Bockus, W.W., Fritz, A.K., and Martin, T.J. 2004. Reaction of the 2003 Kansas Intrastate Nursery to Fusarium head blight, 2003. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 19 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and Wood, D.A. 2003. Control of stripe rust of spring barley with foliar fungicides, 2002. F&N Tests. 58:CF003.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and Wood, D.A. 2003. Control of stripe rust of spring wheat with foliar fungicides, 2002. F&N Tests. 58:CF004.<br /> <br /> Cox, C., Bockus, W., Garrett, K., Cox, T.S., and Peters, T. 2004. Reaction of selected perennial grass accessions to barley yellow dwarf, 2003. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 19 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> <br /> Davis, M.A., Bockus, W.W. and Brown-Guedira, G.L. 2004. Reaction of selected winter wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight, 2003. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 19 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> <br /> Kim, Y., Friebe, B., and Bockus, W.W. 2003. Resistance to Take-all Root Rot is not Expressed in WheatAlien Chromosome Addition and Substitution Lines. Plant Health Progress (published online at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/php/2003.asp).<br /> <br /> Peever, T. L. and T. D. Murray. 2003. First report of tan spot of wheat in the U.S. Pacific Northwest caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Plant Disease 87:203 (published on-line as D-2002-1202-02N).<br /> <br /> Roozeboom, K., Bockus, W.W., Fritz, A., Evans, P., Long, J., Martin, T.J., Schlegel, A., Witt, M., Claassen, M., Gordon, W.B., Heer, W., Janssen, K., Martin, V., Parker, E., Seabourn, B., Lamond, R., and Bennett, R. 2003. 2003 Kansas Performance Tests with Winter Wheat Varieties. Kansas AES Report of Progress 912. 29 pp.<br /> <br /> Wheat Disease Profiles I. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension EC03-1884-S.<br /> <br /> Wheat Disease Profiles II. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension EC03-1889-S.<br /> <br /> Fungicide Options for Managing Foliar Diseases on Wheat. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension NF00-410 (Revised July 2004).<br /> <br /> Management Program for Rust Diseases of Wheat. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension. NF00-559 (Revised July 2004).<br /> <br /> Management Program for Foliar Leaf Spot Diseases of Wheat. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension. NF00-560 (Revised July 2004).<br /> <br /> <br /> Research publications<br /> Anand, A., T. Zhou, H.N. Trick, B.S. Gill, W.W. Bockus, and S.Muthukrishnan. 2003. Greenhouse and field testing of transgenic wheat plants stably expressing genes for thaumatin-protein, chitinase and glucanase against Fusarium graminearum. J. of Experimental Bot. 54:1101-1111.<br /> <br /> Castro, A., X.M. Chen, P.M. Hayes, and M. Johnston. 2003. Pyramiding quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles determining resistance to barley stripe rust: effects on resistance at the seedling stage. Crop Sci. 43:651-659.<br /> <br /> Castro, A.J., X. M. Chen, P.M. Hayes, S.J. Knapp, R.F. Line, T. Toojinda, and H. Vivar. 2002. Coincident QTL which determine seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust in barley. Crop Sci. 42:1701-1708.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and R.F. Line. 2003. Identification of genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in 18 barley genotypes. Euphytica 129:127-146.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., M.A. Soria, G.P. Yan, J. Sun, and J. Dubcovsky. 2003. Development of sequence tagged site and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers for wheat stripe rust resistance gene Yr5. Crop Sci. 43:2058-2064.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., M.K. Moore, E.A. Milus, D.L. Long, R.F. Line, D. Marshall, and L. Jackson. 2002. Wheat stripe rust epidemics and races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the United States in 2000. Plant Dis. 86:39-46.<br /> <br /> Kim, Y. and W.W. Bockus. 2003. Temperature-sensitive reaction of winter wheat cultivar AGSECO 7853 to Stagonospora nodorum. Plant Dis. 87:1125-1128.<br /> <br /> Kim, Y.K., G. Brown-Guedira, T.S. Cox, and W.W. Bockus. 2004. Inheritance of resistance to Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in Kansas winter wheat cultivars. Plant Disease 88:530-536.<br /> <br /> Garrett, K.S., M. Kabbage, and W.W. Bockus. 2004. Managing for fine-scale differences in inoculum load: Seeding patterns to minimize wheat yield loss to take-all. Precision Agriculture 5:291-301.<br /> <br /> Li, H.J., M. Arterburn, S.S. Jones, and T.D. Murray. 2004. A new source of resistance to Tapesia yallundae associated with a homoeologous group 4 chromosome in Thinopyrum ponticum. Phytopathology 94:932-937.<br /> <br /> Yan, G.P., X.M. Chen, R.F. Line, and C.R. Wellings. 2003. Resistance gene analog polymorphism markers co-segregating with the Yr5 gene for resistance to wheat stripe rust. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106:636-643.<br />

Impact Statements

1. Participants are more knowledgeable of disease problems of cereal grains in the western United States and consequently, greater collaboration and coordination of research and extension activities occurs among scientists in the western region.
2. This collaboration is exemplified by the recent increase in Stripe rust of wheat and barley in the U.S. A mini-symposium was held on this disease in 2003 and information regarding its spread and control was discussed among meeting participants resulting in greater coordination of research and extension activities among plant pathologists and plant breeders, public and private, in the western U.S.
3. Similarly, discussions of root diseases of wheat and barley caused by Rhizoctonia spp. and Fusarium spp., Wheat streak mosaic, a virus-caused disease, and root-feeding nematodes in the genus Pratylenchus were held to inform and coordinate research and extension activities among participants.

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Participants

Tim Murray, Washington State University;
Ruth Dill-Macky, University of Minnosota;
Lee Jackson, University of California;
Chris Mundt, Oregon State University;
Bill Grey, Montana State University;
Bob Johnston, Montana State University;
André Laroche, AAFC - Lethbridge;
Denis Gaudet, AAFC - Lethbridge;
Myriam Fernandez, AAFC - Swiftcurrent;
T. Kelly Turkington, AAFC - Lacombe;
Ron Knox, AAFC - Swiftcurrent;
Francois Eudes, AAFC - Lethbridge;
Bryon Puchalski, AAFC - Lethbridge

Brief Summary of Minutes

2005 WERA 97 Meeting Minutes see attached file.

Accomplishments

The annual meeting of WERA-97 was held in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada from June 10-12 at the Agriculture Canada Research Centre. The business meeting began with talks by Dr. Hector Carcamo on "Wheatstem Sawfly - Reemergence of an old problem," Dr. Francois Eudes on "Fusarium head blight - New approaches for control" and Dr. Andre Laroche on "Molecular biological approaches to wheat disease control." Dinner was held at a local landmark restaurant in the evening. <br /> <br /> <br /> State reports were given by representatives of five states on Friday afternoon and Saturday morning. The meeting ended the first day with a tour of the Lethbridge facilities, which included a presentation by Dr. H. Haung and Scott Erickson on bacterial wilt of common bean caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv flaccumfaciens. A field trip to local research plots on Saturday was cancelled due to unseasonable rains that left the plots too wet to walk in, so an impromptu presentation by Dr. Rob Graf on breeding winter wheat for Alberta was held and followed by an open discussion of significant developments in small grain diseases. Topics included the occurrence of a new and potentially damaging race of Black stem rust in Africa, occurrence of Stripe rust in new or uncommon geographic areas, Cephalosporium stripe, and eyespot. Overall the level of interaction among participants was excellent.<br /> <br /> <br /> There were 13 participants in the meeting, with 7 from Canada and the balance from US; all were from the public sector. Five of the 14 WERA-97 member states were represented, which was equal to 2004, but down from 2002. Retirements and budget reductions have continued to reduce the number of individuals working on small grain in the western U.S. Letters of invitation will be sent to individuals filling positions on small grain pathology in the western region as well as those who have not participated recently to gauge their interest in future participation. <br /> <br /> <br /> Participants agreed to meet jointly with NCERA-184 in Fargo, North Dakota from June 12-14, 2006 and to see if an invitation from Texas could be secured for 2007. If Texas cannot host the meeting in 2007, Montana has agreed to host the meeting. Tim Murray will follow-up to confirm our participation. <br /> <br /> <br /> This group continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members. There is continued strong participation and support for its activities by members and the private sector alike. Drs. Lee Jackson and Alan Dyer led the effort to revise the petition for renewal, which the Western Directors approved at their July 10, 2005 meeting to continue WERA-97 from 10/1/2005 to 9/30/2010. <br /> <br /> <br /> Other specific accomplishments of committee members during the year include:<br /> A team of wheat pathologists was assembled to coordinate the production of the third edition of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases published by APS Press. It has been more than 18 years since the second edition was published. This update effort will seek to incorporate information that has been learned about wheat pathology during the past 18 years, add new diseases that have been discovered, and add many new photographs. This is a collaborative effort between NCERA-184 and WERA-97.<br /> <br /> <br /> The competition between two wheat foliar pathogens was studied. One pathogen was an obligate biotroph (Puccinia triticina) and the other was a facultative saprophyte (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis). The biotroph experienced greater competition (suppression) from infection by the facultative saprophyte compared with the reverse situation. Results should help in the understanding of the observed advantage of cultivar mixtures over planting a field to a single cultivar.<br /> <br /> <br /> A four-year study of the interactions between Tapesia yallundae and T. acuformis, the fungi that cause eyespot disease of wheat, with two winter wheat varieties with (Madsen) or without (Hill 81) Pch1, the gene that confers eyespot resistance, was completed. Although Pch1 is effective against both pathogen species, T. acuformis was slightly more virulent on the Pch1-containing variety, which may explain the increased prevalence of this pathogen in eastern Washington during the past 10 years.<br /> <br /> <br /> The reactions of hard red spring wheat, barley and oat cultivars to various diseases prevalent in Minnesota were disseminated to small grains producers to help them in selecting cultivars that are appropriate for their area and risk level. In addition screening of breeding material for Fusarium Head Blight was conducted on ca. 5,000 wheat lines and ca. 12,000 barley lines. Over 1,900 oat lines were tested for reaction to loose smut. The data will be used by wheat breeders and geneticists to make selections for improved resistance.<br /> <br />

Publications

Minutes Publication List<br /> <br /> Canci, P.C., Nduulu, L.M., Muehlbauer, G.J., Dill-Macky, R., Rasmusson, D.C., and Smith, K.P. (2004). Validation of quantitative trait loci for Fusarium head blight and kernel discoloration in barley. Molecular Breeding, 14:91-104.<br /> <br /> <br /> Pereyra, S.P., Dill-Macky, R. and Sims. A.L. (2004). Survival and inoculum production of Gibberella zeae in wheat residue. Plant Disease, 88:724-730.<br /> <br /> <br /> Smith, K.P., Evans, C.K., Dill-Macky, R., Gustus, C.,. Xie, W., and Dong, Y. (2004). Host genetic effect on deoxynivalenol accumulation in Fusarium head blight of barley. Phytopathology, 94:766-771.<br /> <br /> <br /> Dill-Macky, R. (2004). Cultural control options for the management of Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th European Fusarium Seminar,Orlando, Florida, USA, December 11-15, 2004, p. 295.<br /> <br /> <br /> Evans, C.K., Dill-Macky, R. and Smith, K.P. (2004). Characterizing barley nearisogenic lines for a QTL conditioning deoxynivalenol accumulation for Fusarium head blight severity and deoxynivalenol accumulation using five isolates of Fusarium graminearum under field conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th<br /> European Fusarium Seminar, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 11-15, 2004, p.<br /> 54-55.<br /> <br /> <br /> Pereyra, S.A., Dill-Macky, R. and Castro, M. (2004). Fusarium species present in<br /> wheat and barley grains in Uruguay. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International<br /> Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th European Fusarium<br /> Seminar, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 11-15, 2004, p. 488.<br /> <br /> <br /> Pereyra, S.A., Dill-Macky, R. and García, M. (2004). Survival of Gibberella zeae and inoculum contribution of diverse plant species in prevalent crop rotations in Uruguay. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th European Fusarium Seminar, Orlando, Florida,USA, December 11-15, 2004, p. 489-492.<br /> <br /> <br /> Perez, C.A., Dill-Macky, R. and Kinkel, L.L. (2004). Use of green manures to inhibit Fusarium graminearum on wheat residues. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th <br /> European Fusarium Seminar, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 11-15, 2004, p.<br /> 364-365. <br /> <br /> <br /> Salas, B. and Dill-Macky, R. (2004). Incidence of Fusarium graminearum in pre-harvest and overwintered residues of wheat cultivars differing in Fusarium head blight resistance. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th European Fusarium Seminar, <br /> Orlando, Florida, USA, December 11-15, 2004, p. 502-503. <br /> <br /> <br /> Salas, B., Dill-Macky, R. and Wiersma, J.J. (2004). Stratified colonization of wheat plants by Fusarium graminearum. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th European Fusarium Seminar, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 11-15, 2004, p. 504-505.<br /> <br /> <br /> Schaafsma, A.W., Hooker, D.C., Lipps, P.E., Gilbert, J., Fernandez, M., DeWolf, E.D., Chandelier, A., Detrixhe, P. and Dill-Macky, R. (2004). Approaches to using epidemiological knowledge for the management of Fusarium head blight in wheat. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th European Fusarium Seminar, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 11-15, 2004, p. 506-509. <br /> <br /> <br /> Zhang, X., Jin, Y., Dill-Macky, R. and Anderson, J.A. (2004). Screening for Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat germplasm. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, incorporating the 8th European Fusarium Seminar, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 11-15, 2004, p. 227-228. <br /> <br /> <br /> Extension & Technical Publications<br /> <br /> <br /> Davis, M.A. and W.W. Bockus. 2005. Reaction of selected winter wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight, 2004. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 20 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., A.K. Fritz, and T.J. Martin. 2005. Reaction of the 2004 Kansas Intrastate Nursery to Fusarium head blight, 2004. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 20 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> <br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W. and M.A. Davis. 2005. Reaction of selected winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight, 2004. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 20 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> <br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W. and M.M. Claassen. 2005. Effect of cropping sequence and tillage on severity of leaf diseases on winter wheat, 2003 and 2004. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 20 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> <br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and D.A. Wood. 2005. Control of stripe rust of winter wheat with foliar fungicides, 2004. F&N Tests. 60:CF027.<br /> <br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and D.A. Wood. 2005. Control of stripe rust of spring wheat with foliar fungicides, 2004. F&N Tests. 60:CF021.<br /> <br /> <br /> Chen, X. M., and D.A. Wood. 2005. Control of stripe rust of spring barley with foliar fungicides, 2004. F&N Tests. 60:CF020.<br /> <br /> <br /> Chen, W., T. Paulitz, K. McPhee, and F. Muehlauber. 2004. Field evaluation of seed treatment fungicides for control of root rot and damping-off on chickpea, 2003. Fungicide and Nematicide Test Reports 59:ST017. <br /> <br /> <br /> Chen, W., T. Paulitz, K. McPhee, and F. Muehlauber. 2005. Field evaluation of seed treatment fungicides for control of root rot and damping-off on chickpea, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Test Reports 60: ST006.<br /> <br /> <br /> Cox, C., W. Bockus, K. Garrett, T.S. Cox, and T. Peters. 2005. Reaction of selected perennial grass accessions to barley yellow dwarf, 2004. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Vol. 20 (published online at www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/).<br /> <br /> <br /> Johnston, R.H. and A.T. Dyer. 2005. Role of seed treatment coverage on control of seed-borne common bunt of spring wheat, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Test Reports 60:CF023.<br /> <br /> <br /> Johnston, R.H. and A.T. Dyer. 2005. Evaluation of seed treatments for control of Fusarium crown rot of spring wheat, 2004 Report 60:CF024 Fungi. And Nematicide Test Reports 60:CF024.<br /> <br /> <br /> Johnston, R.H. and A.T. Dyer. 2005 Evaluation of seed treatments for control of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot of spring wheat, 2004 Fungicide and Nematicide Test Reports 60:CF025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Johnston, R.H. and A.T. Dyer. 2005 Evaluation of seed treatments for control of Fusarium crown rot or common root rot of winter wheat, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Test Reports 60:CF026.<br /> <br /> <br /> Jones, S.S., S.R. Lyon, K.A. Balow, T.D. Murray, X.M. Chen, B.P. Carter, C.R. Morris, K.Garland Campbell, J.W. Burns, W.F. Schillinger, P.E. Reisenauer, and B.J. Goates. 2005. Registration of 'Masami' Wheat. Crop Science (ACCEPTED 7/31/2005).<br /> <br /> <br /> Jones, S. and T. Murray. 2005. Perennial wheat as a sustainable alternative cropping system. Crop and Soil Sciences Technical Report 05-1.<br /> <br /> <br /> Murray, T., S. McDonald, and H. Sheng. 2005. Strawbreaker Foot Rot, Cephalosporium Stripe, and Snow Mold Diseases of Winter Wheat. Washington State University, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences Technical Report 05-1.<br /> <br /> <br /> Higginbotham, R.W., T.C. Paulitz, K.G. Campbell, and K.K. Kidwell. 2004. Evaluation of adapted wheat cultivars for tolerance to Pythium root rot. Plant Dis. 88:1027-1032.<br /> <br /> <br /> Paulitz, T.C. and Reinertsen, S. 2004. Controlling Rhizoctonia root rot in spring barley with in-furrow application of Quadris plus seed treatment with Dynasty and Dividend Extreme, 2003. Fungicide and Nematicide Test Reports 59:CF011.<br /> <br /> <br /> Paulitz, T.C. and S. Reinertsen. 2004. Seed treatment with Dynasty and in-furrow application of Quadris for control of Rhizoctonia root rot in spring barley, 2003. Fungicide and Nematicide Test Reports 59:CF010.<br /> <br /> <br /> Research Publications<br /> <br /> <br /> Al-Naimi, F.A., K.A. Garrett, and W.W. Bockus. 2005. Competition, facilitation, and niche differentiation in two foliar pathogens. Oecologia 143:449-457.<br /> <br /> <br /> Blount, A.R., S. Rizvi, R.D. Barnett, X.M. Chen, T.S. Schubert, W.H. Dankers, T.M. Momol, and W.N. Dixon. 2005. First Report of Stripe Rust, Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North Florida. Online. Plant Health Progress. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/brief/2005/stripe/. <br /> <br /> <br /> Campbell, K.G., R.E. Allan, J. Anderson, J.A. Pritchett, L.M. Little, C.F. Morris, R.F. Line, X. M. Chen, M. K. Walker-Simmons, B.P. Carter, J.W. Burns, S.S. Jones, and P.E. Reisenauer. 2005. Registration of Finch winter club wheat. Crop Sci. 45:1656-1657. <br /> <br /> <br /> Campbell, K.G., R.E. Allan, J. Anderson, J.A. Pritchett, L.M. Little, C.F. Morris, R.F. Line, X. M. Chen, M.K. Walker-Simmons, B.P. Carter, J.W. Burns, S.S. Jones, and P.E. Reisenauer. 2005. Registration of Chukar winter club wheat. Crop Sci. 45:1657-1659.<br /> <br /> <br /> Canci, P.C., L.M. Nduulu, G.J. Muehlbauer, R. Dill-Macky, D.C. Rasmusson, and K.P. Smith. 2004. Validation of quantitative trait loci for Fusarium head blight and kernel discoloration in barley. Molecular Breeding 14:91-104.<br /> <br /> <br /> Chen, X.M. 2005. Epidemiology of barley stripe rust and races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei: the first decade in the United States. Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Bulletin. Online [www.crpmb.org/]2004/1029chen.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Chen, X. M., and L. Penman. 2005. Races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, the pathogen of barley stripe rust in the United States in 2004. Barley Genetics Newsletter 35: http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/bgn/35/Chen.htm <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Higginbotham, R.W., T.C. Paulitz, and K.K.Kidwell. 2004. Virulence of Pythium species isolated from wheat fields in eastern Washington. Plant Disease 88:1021-1026.<br /> <br /> <br /> Li, H. J., M. Arterburn, S.S. Jones, and T.D. Murray. 2005. Resistance to eyespot of wheat, caused by Tapesia yallundae, derived from Thinopyrum intermedium homoeologous group 4 chromosomes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 111: (published online as DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0025-0).<br /> <br /> <br /> Li, H.J., M. Arterburn, S.S. Jones, T.D. Murray. 2005. Genomic control of new sources of resistance to Tapesia yallundae, cause of eyespot disease of wheat, in Thinopyrum ponticum and Th. intermedium. International Symposium on Genomics-based Plant Germplasm Research, April 25-28, 2005, Beijing, P.R. China. p. 77.<br /> <br /> <br /> Nishio, Z., N. Iriki, S. Takenaka, A. Kawakami, M. Kuroki, K. Saito, M. Ito, T. Tabiki and T.D. Murray. 2005. A real-time PCR assay for quantification of Typhula ishikariensis, cause of speckled snow mold in winter wheat. Phytopathology (IN PRESS) abstr.<br /> <br /> <br /> Okubara, P. and T. C. Paulitz. 2004. Simultaneous identification and quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae from root samples using real-time PCR. Phytopathology 94:S77 <br /> <br /> <br /> Okubara, P.A. and T. C. Paulitz. 2005. Molecular bases of root defense responses. Plant and Soil 274: 221-232. <br /> <br /> Okubara, P.A., K.L. Schroeder, and T.C. Paulitz. 2005. Real-time polymerase chain reaction: Applications to studies on soilborne pathogens. Can J. Plant Pathol. 27: 1-14.<br /> <br /> <br /> Pahalawatta, V., and X.M. Chen. 2005. Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of wheat genes conferring resistance to the wheat stripe rust and barley stripe rust pathogens. Phytopathology 95:427-432. (Submitted 9/13/2004, Accepted on 12/13/2004, Published 4/2005).<br /> <br /> <br /> Pahalawatta, V., and X.M.Chen. 2005. Inheritance and molecular mapping of barley genes conferring resistance to wheat stripe rust. Phytopathology 95:884-889. <br /> <br /> <br /> Pereyra, S.P., R. Dill-Macky, and A.L. Sims. 2004. Survival and inoculum production of Gibberella zeae in wheat residue. Plant Disease 88:724-730.<br /> <br /> <br /> Paulitz, T.C. and K.L. Schroeder. 2005. A new method for quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae from soil. Plant Disease 89: 767-772.<br /> <br /> <br /> Paulitz, T.C. and K.L. Schroeder. 2004. A method for the quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia oryzae from soil using toothpicks. Phytopathology 94:S82. <br /> <br /> <br /> Paulitz, T.C. and R. Rossi. 2004. Spatial distribution of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia oryzae a three different scales in direct-seeded wheat. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 26: 419.<br /> <br /> <br /> Paulitz, T.C., F. Dugan, W. Chen, and N.J. Grünwald. 2004. First report of Pythium irregulare on lentils in the United States. Plant Disease 88: 310. <br /> <br /> <br /> Schroeder, K.L. and T.C. Paulitz. 2004. Real-time PCR identification of Pythium spp. from cereals in eastern Washington. Phytopathology 94:S94.<br /> <br /> <br /> Smith, K.P., C.K. Evans, R. Dill-Macky, C. Gustus, W. Xie, and Y. Dong. 2004. Host genetic effect on deoxynivalenol accumulation in Fusarium head blight of barley. Phytopathology 94:766-771.

Impact Statements

1. A better understanding of the public sector efforts in small grain pathology in the U.S. and Canada was developed by attendees at this meeting. Although geographically close, little formal exchange has occurred in the past for a variety of reasons.
2. One outcome of this meeting was agreement for continued future and closer cooperative interactions in small grain pathology.
3. Participants learned of a significant threat posed be a new race of wheat stem rust detected in eastern Africa, specifically Uganda, Kenya and Ethoipia, that has virulence on the wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31.
4. Participants were alerted to the vulnerability of North American wheat to this stem rust race from work conducted by Dr. Yue Jin of the USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory, St Paul, MN.
5. Significant progress has been made in identifying new sources of resistance to stripe rust in wheat and barley germplasm, and this material is now available to breeders across the U.S. for use in development of new resistant varieties that will save growers the expense of fungicide application.
6. Research has continued to identify the race structure of wheat and barley stripe rust pathogens across the U.S. This information is publicly available for wheat and barley breeders to they can use appropriate disease resistance genes for their respective regions.

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