W150: Genetic Improvement of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Yield, Disease Resistance, and Food Value

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[01/01/2002] [05/02/2003] [10/12/2003] [03/15/2005] [02/07/2006]

Date of Annual Report: 01/01/2002

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 11/02/2001 - 11/02/2001
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2001 - 12/01/2001

Participants

George Abawi, NYSAES, Cornell University;
Mark J. Bassett, University of Florida;
Jim Beaver, University of Puerto Rico;
Mark A. Brick, Colorado State University;
Dermot P. Coyne, University of Nebraska;
Luis Del Rio, North Dakota State University;
Deidre Fourie, ARC-Grain Crops Institute, South Africa;
Feiko H. Ferwerda, University of Puerto Rico;
Paul Gepts, University of California, Davis;
Bob Gilbertson, University of California, Davis;
Maria Celeste Gongalvez Vidigal, Universidad Estadual de Maringa, Parana, Brazil;
Ken Grafton, North Dakota State University;
Tom Grebb, Central Bean Co.;
Phillip Griffiths, NYSAES, Cornell University;
An N. Hang, Washington State University, Prosser;
George Hosfield, USDA-ARS, Michigan State University;
James D. Kelly, Michigan State University;
Ken Kmiecik, Seminis Vegetable Seeds;
Chet Kurowski, Harris Moran Seed Co.;
Richard Larsen, USDA-ARS Prosser, WA;
Roxanne Mainz, Syngenta Seeds;
Phil McClean, North Dakota State University;
Phillip Miklas, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA;
H. -Henning M|ndel, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada;
Jim Myers, Oregon State University;
Jim Nienhuis, University of Wisconsin;
Soon Park, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada;
Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales (Talo), USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD;
Tim Porch, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY;
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University;
Shree Singh, University of Idaho, Kimberly;
Jim Steadman, University of Nebraska, Lincoln;
Steve Temple, University of California, Davis;
Michael Thung, EMBRAPA, Goiania, GO, Brazil;
J. Giles Waines, University of California, Riverside;
Dan Wahlquist, Syngenta/Rogers Seeds;
Donald H. Wallace, Cornell University;
Norm Weeden, Montana State University;
Molly Welsh, USDA-ARS-WRPIS-NPGS, Pullman, WA;

There were 39 in attendance at this years meeting in Fargo, North Dakota. The meetings were held in conjunction with the National Dry Bean Council meetings. Thirteen states and 5 countries were represented.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Research efforts in W-150 again are commendable. Progress was made in each of the three goal areas with new efforts in combating anthracnose, a disease that impacted the major pinto bean production areas in the US (400,000 acres). In the nurseries and regional trials the committee members tested 98 entries for yield and/or disease resistance and 6380 new lines were advanced in the dry bean winter nursery in Puerto Rico. In the yield trials a new record was established in Michigan with a black bean breeding line from Columbia at 53 cwt/acre. Researchers also released 3 new Pinto and 1 Great Northern bean germplasm lines. The committee continues to make excellent progress on the bean genome and with genetic markers. Disease control continues to occupy a great deal of time and effort by the committee. The genetics of the disease as well as resistance is an on-going effort. The effort on food quality and value added research has not received as much attention during the past year. Some work on extrusion process was done in New Jersey but other areas in food quality reported no activity.

Publications

ACOSTA- GALLEJOS, J.A., F.J. IBARRA-PEREZ, R. ROSALES-SERNA, B. CAZARES-ENRIQEZ, P. FERNANDEZ-HERNANDEZ, A. CASTILLO-ROSALES, and J. D. KELLY. 2001. Registration of Bayacora Pinto Bean. Crop Sci. 41: 1645-1646. ACOSTA- GALLEJOS, J.A., F.J. IBARRA-PEREZ, R. ROSALES-SERNA, A. CASTILLO-ROSALES, and J. D. KELLY. 2001. Registration of Negro Sahuatoba opaque black bean. Crop Sci. 41: 1646-1647. ACOSTA- GALLEJOS, J.A., F.J. IBARRA-PEREZ, R. ROSALES-SERNA, A. CASTILLO-ROSALES, B. CAZARES-ENRIQEZ, P. FERNANDEZ-HERNANDEZ, and J. D. KELLY. 2001. Registration of Negro Altiplano common bean. Crop Sci. 41: 1650. ACOSTA- GALLEJOS, J.A., F.J. IBARRA-PEREZ, R. ROSALES-SERNA, P. FERNANDEZ-HERNANDEZ, A. CASTILLO-ROSALES, and J. D. KELLY. 2001. Registration of Mestizo Pinto Bean. Crop Sci. 41: 1650-1651. BEEBE, S., P.W. SKROCH, J. THOME, M.C. DUQUE, F. PEDRAZA AND J. NIENHUIS. 2000. Structure and genetic diversity among common bean landraces of middle American origin based on correspondence analysis. Crop Sci. 40:264-273. BRICK, M. A., OGG, J. B., SCHWARTZ, H. F., and JUDSON, F. 2001. Release of three early maturing Anasazi type common bean lines. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:189-190. CAMPO-ARANA, R. and R. ECHAVEZ-BADEL. 2001. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates collected in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. Ann. Rep. of the Bean Improv. Coop. 44:127-128. CICHY, K. MORAGHAN, J. T., GRAFTON, K. F., and HOSFIELD, G. L. 2001. The effect of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer levels on percent phytic acid in navy bean. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:149-150. COYNE, D.P., S.O. PARK, J.R. STEADMAN, and P.W. SKROCH, 2001. Breeding, genetics, and mapping of QTL for architectural avoidance and physiological resistance to white mold in common bean. Proceedings of Sclerotinia 2001 - the XI International Sclerotinia Workshop, York 8th - 12th July, 2001, York, England: Central Science Laboratory, York, England. 93 - 94. CROSS, H., BRICK, M. A., SCHWARTZ, H. F., PANELLA, L. W., and BYRNE, P. F. 2000. Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium wilt in two common bean races. Crop Science 40:954-958. ECHAVEZ-BADEL, R., M. ALAMEDA y J.S. BEAVER. 2001. Evaluacisn de genotipos promisorios de frijol en el Caribe y Centroamirica para resistencia a Rhizoctonia solani y a Macrophomina phaseolina. XLVII Reunisn Annual del PCCMCA. San Josi, Costa Rica. ERGUN, M., E.T. PAPAROZZI, D.P. COYNE, D. SMITH, S. KACHMAN, and D.S. NULAND. 2001. Testing the effects of moisture on seedcoat color of pinto dry beans. Hort. Science 36:302-304. FALL, A.L., P.F. BYRNE, G. JUNG, D.P. COYNE, M.A. BRICK, and H.F. SCHWARTS. 2001. Detection and mapping of a major locus for Fusarium wilt resistance in common bean. Crop Science 41:1494-1498. FORSTER, R. L., STEADMAN, J. R., and SCHWARTZ, H. F. 2000. Integrated management of bean diseases. Pp. 101 - 112, in Bean Research, Production & Utilization - Proc. of the Idaho Bean Workshop Celebrating 75 Years of Bean Research & Development and 50 Years of the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery. Edited by S. P. Singh, Univ. of Idaho, Twin Falls. GARZA, R., VERA, J., CARDONA, C., BARCENAS, N. and SINGH, S.P. 2001. Hypersensitive response of beans to Apion godmani (Coleoptera:Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol.94: 958-962. GONZALES, J.W., D.P. COYNE, D.T. LINDGREN, K. ESKRIDGE, J. STEADMAN, and G. JUNG. 2001. Inheritance and heritability of leaf hopper resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Hort. Science 36:456. GRAFTON, K. F., and SINGH S,. P. 2000. Twenty-first Century Dry Bean Cultivars, pp 31-38, In S. P. Singh (ed.), Proceedings of the Bean Research, Production, and Utilization Workshop, Twin Falls, ID. HANSON, L., WICKLIFFE, E., HILL, A., SCHWARTZ, H. F. and PANELLA, L. 2001. Fusarium in sugar beet and bean. J. Sugar Beet Res. 38:70 [abstr.] HAUF, D.C., and GRAFTON, K.F. 2001. Evaluating non-field screening techniques for white mold reaction in common bean. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:91-92. KELLY, J.D., G.L. HOSFIELD, G.V. VARNER, M.A. UEBERSAX, and J. TAYLOR. 2001. Registration of Jaguar black bean. Crop Sci. 41:1647. MACCHIAVELLI, R. and J.S. BEAVER. 2001. Effect of number of seed bulked and population size on genetic variability when using the multiple-seed procedure of SSD. Crop Sci. 41: 1513-1516. MARITA, J., J.M. RODRIGUEZ AND J. NIENHUIS. 2000. Development of an algorithm identifying maximally diverse core collections. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 47:515-526. MELOTTO, M., and J.D. KELLY. 2001. Fine mapping of the Co-4 locus of common bean reveals a resistance gene candidate, COK-4, that encodes for a protein kinase. Theor Appl. Genet.103:508-517. MIKLAS, P. N., SMITH, J. R., HANG, A. N., GRAFTON, K. F., and KELLY, J. D. 2001. Release of navy and black bean germplasm lines USNA-CBB-1, USNA-CBB-2, USNA-CBB-3, USNA-CBB-4, and USBK-CBB-5 with resistance to common bacterial blight. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:181-182. MIKLAS, P. N., SMITH, J. R., GRAFTON, K. F., COYNE, D. P., and BRICK, M. A. 2001. Release of pinto and great northern bean germplasm lines USPT-CBB-1, USPT-CBB-2, USPT-CBB-3, and USGN-CBB-4 with erectness and resistance to common bacterial blight, rust, and mosaic. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:183-185. MORAGHAN, J. T., and GRAFTON, K. F. 2001. Genetic diversity and mineral composition of common bean seed. J. Sci. Food Agric. 81:404-408. MUTLU, N., D.P. COYNE, J.R. STEADMAN, J. REISER, and L. SUTTON. 2001. Progress in backcross breeding with RAPD molecular markers to pyramid QTLs for resistance to common bacterial blight in pinto and great northern beans. Hort. Science 36:450. MYERS, J.R., K.D. STEWART-WILLIAMS, R.E. HAYES, J.J. KOLAR, and S. SINGH. 2001. Registration of UI 259 small red bean. Crop Sci. 41:1643-1644. MYERS, J.R., K.D. STEWART-WILLIAMS, R.E. HAYES, J.J. KOLAR, and S. SINGH. 2001. Registration of UI 320 pinto bean. Crop Sci. 41:1642-1643. MYERS, J.R., K.D. STEWART-WILLIAMS, R.E. HAYES, J.J. KOLAR, and S. SINGH. 2001. Registration of UI 465 great northern bean. Crop Sci. 41:1644-1645. MYERS, J.R., J. DAVIS, D. KEAN, S. NCHIMBI-MSOLLA and R. MISANGU. 2001. Backcross Breeding to Introduce Arcelin Alleles into Improved African Bean Cultivars. Bean/Cowpea CRSP East Africa Bean Workshop, Jan. 12-14, 2001. PARK, S.O., D.P. COYNE, J.R. STEADMAN, and P.W. SKROCH. 2001. Mapping of QTL for resistance to white mold diseases in common bean. Crop Science 41:1253-1262. PARK, S., D. COYNE, G. JUNG, E. ARNAUD-SANTANA, J. STEADMAN, P. SKROCH, J. NIENHUIS AND H. ARIYARATHNE. 2000. Mapping of molecular markers associated with QTL affecting seed size and shape and their genetic relationship with common bacterial blight and rust resistance, and abaxial leaf pubescence in common bean. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125(5):466-471. PASTOR-CORRALES, M.A., STAVELY, J.R., KELLY, J. D., GRAFTON, K. F., STEADMAN, J. R., COYNE, D. P. LINDGREN, D. T., and SCULLU, B. T. 2001. Rust and mosaic resistant bean germplasm releases, 1997-1999. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:101-102. PASTOR-CORRALES, M. A. 2001. The reaction of 19 bean rust differential cultivars to 94 races of Uromyces appendiculatus and the implication for the development of rust resistance cultivars. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Coop. 44: 103-104. PASTOR-CORRALES, M. A. and STAVELY, J. R. 2001. New bean germplasm lines with multiple genes for rust and mosaic resistance. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 91: S70 PASTOR-CORRALES, M. A. and STAVELY, J. R. 2001. Using specific races of the common bean rust pathogen to detect rust resistance genes in Phaseolus vulgaris. Presented at the Bean Improvement Cooperative 16th Biennial Meeting, Fargo, North Dakota, USA. October 30-November 2, 2001. PASTOR-CORRALES, M. A. 2001. Apparent vulnerability of certain gene combinations for the management of Uromyces appendiculatus. Presented at the Bean Improvement Cooperative 16th Biennial Meeting, Fargo, North Dakota, USA. October 30-November 2, 2001. POSA-MACALINCAG, M. C., HOSFIELD, G. L., KELLY, J. D., and GRAFTON, K. F. 2001. Identification of RAPD markers linked to canning quality traits in kidney bean. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:161-162. ROMAN AVILIS, B. 2001. Heredabilidad de tolerancia al calor en una poblacisn de habichuela (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). M.S. Thesis. University of Puerto Rico. Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 55p. ROMAN AVILIS, B. and J.S. BEAVER. 2001. Heritability of heat tolerance of an Andean bean population. Ann Rep. of the Bean improv. Coop. 44:49-50. SCHNEIDER, K. A., GRAFTON, K. F., and KELLY, J. D. 2001. Genetic and QTL analysis of resistance to Fusarium root rot in bean. Crop Sci. 41:535-542. SCHWARTZ, H. F. 2000. Commentary on crop management. Pp. 123 - 126, in Bean Research, Production & Utilization - Proc. of the Idaho Bean Workshop Celebrating 75 Years of Bean Research & Development and 50 Years of the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery. Edited by S. P. Singh, Univ. of Idaho, Twin Falls. SCHWARTZ, H. F., PANELLA, L. W., BRICK, M. A., and BYRNE, P. F. 2001. Fusarium Wilt & Yellows of Sugar Beet & Dry Bean. Colo. State University Fact Sheet 2.950, 4 pages. SINGH, S.P. 2001. Use of germplasm in breeding. p.65-77. In C. De Cuadra, A. M. De Ron, and R. Schachl (ed.) Handbook on evaluation of Phaseolus germplasm. MBG-CSIC, Pontevedra, Espaqa. SINGH, S.P., MUQOZ, C.G. and TERAN, H. 2001. Registration of common bacterial blight resistant dry bean germplasm VAX 1, VAX 3, and VAX 4. Crop Sci. 41:275-276. SINGH, S.P., TERAN, H. and GUTIIRREZ, J.A. 2001. Registration of SEA 5 and SEA 13 drought tolerant dry bean germplasm. Crop Sci. 41:276-277.

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 05/02/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/22/2003 - 02/23/2003
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2002 - 12/01/2002

Participants

Jim Beaver, University of Puerto Rico
Mark A. Brick, Colorado State University
Feiko H. Ferwerda, University of Puerto Rico
Margarita Fewerda-Licha, USDA-ARS, Puerto Rico
Ken Grafton, North Dakota State University
Phillip Griffiths, NYSAES, Cornell University
An N. Hang, Washington State University, Prosser
James D. Kelly, Michigan State University
Jim Myers, Oregon State University
Jim Nienhuis, University of Wisconsin
Juan Manuel Osorno, University of Puerto Rico
Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales (Talo), USDA-ARS, Beltsville
Shree Singh, University of Idaho, Kimberly
Jim Steadman, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Dan Wahlquist, Syngenta/Rogers Seeds
Molly Welsh, USDA-ARS-WRPIS-NPGS, Pullman

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

The Genetic Improvement of Beans (Phaeseolis vulgaris L.) for Yield, Disease Resistance, and Food Value met in Puerto Rico with 16 participants representing Land Grant Universities, USDA-ARS facilities and the private sector. W-150 continues to be an excellent example of cooperation and coordination to achieve the objectives and goals of the project. The different units conduct the following nurseries that assist each of the research units in evaluating new bean lines: *Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery provided information to 24 collaborators. The nursery evaluated 30 entries including checks and 11 market classes. This nursery evaluated lines at 13 different locations for seed yield, 100-seed weight, days to flower, days to maturity, plant height, pod clearance, biomass yield, and harvest index. One great northern line yielded 2897 lbs/acre. *Western Regional Bean Trail with 16 entries. *Midwest Regional Performance Nursery used to evaluate advanced breeding lines of pinto and great northern for yield stability. *Winter Nursery in Puerto Rico advanced and evaluated 4994 lines for all participants. *National White Mold Nursery coordinated by Nebraska. *Sclerotinia Regional Nursery coordinated by Michigan. *Uniform Dry Bean Rust Nursery had 59 entries. Of the entries tested in the nursery this year 8 entries were immune to rust in the field. Under the objective of Modeling of bean growth and disease forecasting the team found that by improved timing of pest surveys growers could reduce the number of pesticide applications by 1 to 2 sprays thus reducing costs by $300-500/hectare and environmental exposure (10-20%) less pesticide. Research efforts have led to new releases in all market categories. *A germplasm line with anthracnose was released. *A light red kidney with virus and heat resistance was released as Rosada Mocana. *Michigan released Jaguar and Seahawk navy beans. *Colorado released a pinto cultivar, Grand Mesa with resistance to rust, bean common mosaic virus, common bacterial blight and tolerance to white mold. *Colorado also released three line of a special market class, Anazasi. All three possess resistance to bean common mosaic virus. The committee continues to work on snap beans as well as dry beans. They are making great progress with genetic markers, maps and probes. The research efforts resulted in 55 publications for W-150 scientists.

Publications

Beaver, J.S. and R. Macchiavelli. 2002. Utility of the multiple-seed procedure of single-seed descent for bean improvement. Ann. Rep. of the Bean Improv. Coop. 45:34-35. Beaver, J.S, J.C. Rosas, J. Myers, J. Acosta, J. D. Kelly S. Nchimbi-Msolla, R. Misangu, J. Bokosi, S. Temple, E. Arnaud-Santana and D.P. Coyne. 2003. Contributions of the Bean/Cowpea CRSP to cultivar and germplasm development in common bean. Field Crops Research (in press). Brick, M.A., J.B. Ogg, P.N. Miklas, H.F. Schwartz, and F. Judson. 2002. Registration of three early maturity anasazi-type common bean germplasms with resistance to bean common mosaic virus. Crop Sci. 42:672. Brick, M.A., H.F. Schwartz, J.B. Ogg, F., Johnson, J. B., F. Judson, and C.J. Pearson. 2002. Registration of Shinny Crow black bean. Crop Sci. 42:1751-1752. Cheng, M., J.Tang, J-J.Berrios, B.G. Swanson and R.J. Garnanez. Effects of fiber supplement on physical properties of legume extrudates. Submitted for presentation at the 2003 IFT Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, July 13-16, 2003. (submitted) Coyne, D.P., J.R. Steadman, G. Godoy-Lutz, R. Gilbertson, E. Arnaud Santana, J.S. Beaver, and J.R. Myers. 2003. Contributions of the Bean/Cowpea CRSP to management of bean diseases. Field Crops Research (in press). Cramer, R.A., M.A. Brick, P.F. Byrne, H.F. Schwartz, and E. Wickliffe. 2002. Characterization of Fusarium wilt isolates collected in the central High Plains. Ann. Rep. Bean Impr. Coop. 45:38-39. Davis, J. and J.R. Myers. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of snap beans using RAPD markers. Ann. Rep. Bean Impr. Coop. 45:16-17. Echavez-Badel, R., M. Alameda y J.S. Beaver. 2002. Evaluacisn en el campo de vivero VICARIBE y UPR para resistencia a mustia hilachosa utilizando metodologma de inoculacisn desarrollada en Puerto Rico. p. 24. Reszmenes XLVIII Reunisn Anual del PCCMCA. 14 a 20 de abril 2003. Boca Chica, Repzblica Dominicana. Frahm, M.A. 2002. Effects of terminal drought stress on black beans. M.S. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI. 120 pp. Gent, D.H. and H. F. Schwartz. 2002. Effects of Adjuvants on coverage, Absorption, and efficacy of bean rust fungicides. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Coop. 45: 92-93. Gilmore, B., J.R. Myers and D. Kean. 2002. Completion of testing of Phaseolus coccineus plant introductions (PIs) for white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resistance. Ann. Rep. Bean Impr. Coop. 45: 64-65. Halseth, D.E., Sandsted, E.R., Hymes, W.L., and MacLaury, R.L. 2002. 2001 New York State dry bean variety trials. Department of Horticulture Report 14, Cornell University, 25pp. Hang, A.N., P.N. Miklas, M.J. Silbernagel, and G.L. Hosfield. Registration of Rojo Chiquito small red dry bean cultivar. 2002. Crop Science 42:985-986. Hang, A.N., M.J. Silbernagel, and P.N. Miklas. 2002. Release of Orca black and white Anasazi-type dry bean. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 45: 249. Kolkman, J.M. and J.D. Kelly. 2002. Agronomic traits affecting resistance to white mold in common bean Crop Sci. 42:693-699. Larsen, R., P.N. Miklas, K. Eastwell, C. Grau, and A. Mondjana. 2002. Update on the virus disease complex devastating late season snap bean production in the midwest. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:36-37. McMillan, M.S., H. F. Schwartz, and K. L. Otto. 2002. Sexual stage development of Uromyces appendiculatus. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Coop. 45: 90-91. McPhee, K.E., R.S. Zemetra, J. Brown, and J.R. Myers. 2002. Genetic analysis of the raffinose-family oligosaccharides in common bean. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127:376382. Miklas, P.N. 2002. Marker assisted breeding in common bean. In National Dry Bean Councils Workshop Proceedings for the Bean Improvement Cooperatives biennial meeting in Fargo, ND, November, 2001. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:1-3. Miklas, P.N., D.P. Coyne, K.F. Grafton, N. Mutlu, J. Reiser, and S.P. Singh. 2002. A major QTL for common bacterial blight resistance in GN#1 sel 27 derives from the great northern landrace Montana no. 5, not tepary bean. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:52-53. Miklas, P.N., D.P. Coyne, K.F. Grafton, N. Mutlu, J. Reiser, D. Lindgren, and S.P.Singh. 2003. A major QTL for common bacterial blight resistance derives from the common bean great northern landrace cultivar Montana No. 5. Euphytica 131:137-146. Miklas, P.N., and J. D. Kelly. 2002. Registration of two cranberry bean germplasm lines resistant to bean common mosaic and necrosis potyviruses: USCR-7 and USCR-9. Crop Sci. 42:673-674. Miklas, P.N., and J.D. Kelly. 2002. The use of MAS to develop pinto bean germplasm possessing Co-42 gene for anthracnose resistance. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:68-69. Miklas, P.N., A.N. Hang, J. D. Kelly, C.A. Strausbaugh, and R.L. Forster. 2002. Registration of three kidney bean germplasm lines resistant to bean common mosaic and necrosis potyviruses: USLK-2 Light Red Kidney, USDK-4 Dark Red Kidney, and USWK-6 White Kidney. Crop Sci. 42:674-675. Miklas, P.N., M.A. Pastor-Corrales, G. Jung, D.P.Coyne, J.D. Kelly, P.E. McClean, and P. Gepts. 2002. Comprehensive Linkage map of bean rust resistance genes. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Rust Workshop, Durban, South Africa, March 3 to 4, 2002. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:125-129. M|ndel, H.-H., F.A. Kiehn, G. Saindon, H.C. Huang, and S.P. Singh. 2002. Registration of ‘AC Scarlet‘ small red dry bean. Crop Sci. 42: 309-310. Mutlu, N., D.P. Coyne, J.R. Steadman, J. Reiser, and L. Sutton. 2002. Progress in backcross breeding with RAPD (SCAR) molecular markers to pyramid QTLs for resistance to common bacterial blight in pinto and great northern beans. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:70-71. Myers, J.R., J.W. Davis, D. Kean, and B. Yorgey. 2002. Genetic analysis of processing traits in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). XXVIth International Horticultural Congress and Exhibition, and American Society of Horticultural Science Meetings. Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11 17, 2002. On-site Program. p. 454 (proceedings paper to be published in Acta Horticulturae) Osorno, J.M., J.S. Beaver, F. Ferwerda, and P.N. Miklas. 2003. Two genes from Phaseolus coccineus confer resistance to Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 46:147-148. Park, S.O., D.P. Coyne, J.R. Steadman, and P.W. Skroch. 2001. Mapping of QTL resistance to white mold diseases in common bean. Crop Sci. 41:1253-1262. Pastor-Corrales, M. A. 2002. Apparent vulnerability of certain gene combinations for the management of Uromyces appendiculatus. Bean Improvement Coop. 45: 40-41. Pastor-Corrales, M.A, Eibel, J. M., ONeill, N. R, van Berkum, P., and Steadman, J. R. 2002. Exploring genetic diversity of Uromyces appendiculatus by AFLP analysis. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 92(suppl.):S64. Pastor-Corrales, M. A. and Stavely, J. R. 2002. Using specific races of the common bean rust pathogen to detect rust resistance genes in Phaseolus vulgaris. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Coop. 45: 78-79 Pastor-Corrales, M.A., J.R. Stavely, J.D. Kelly, K.F. Grafton, J.R. Steadman, D.P. Coyne, D.T. Lindgren, and B.T. Scully. 2001. Rust and mosaic resistant bean germplasm releases. 1997-1999. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:101-102. Posa-Macalincag, M.C.T., G.L. Hosfield, K.F. Grafton, M.A. Uebersax, and J.D. Kelly. 2002. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of canning quality traits in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127: 608-615. Schwartz, H.F., and M. A. Brick. 2002. Bean Root helath. 2 pages. CSU Plant Helath Bulletin no 1. Fort Collins, CO. Singh, S.P. and P.N. Miklas. 2002. Breeding common bean for common bacterial blight resistance: The classical approach. 3rd International Bean Rust and 2nd Common Bacterial Blight Workshop, Pietermartizburg, South Africa Singh, S.P., and D.T. Westermann. 2002. Inheritance of resistance to soil zinc deficiency in common bean. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:32-33 Singh, S.P., and D.T. Westermann. 2002. A single dominant gene controlling resistance to soil zinc deficiency in common bean. Crop Sci. 42:1071-1074. Steadman, J.R., K. Eskridge, J. Costa, K. Kmiecik, J. Kolkman, J. Myers, and P. Miklas. 2001. Evaluation of sources of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean with five methods at multiple locations. Steadman, J.R., J.M. Kolkman, and K.M. Eskridge. 2002. Screening for and identifying sources of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:48-49. Steadman, J. R., Pastor-Corrales, M. A., J.S. Beaver. 2002. An overview of the 3rd Bean Rust and 2nd Bean Common Bacterial Blight International Workshops, March 4-8, 2002, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Coop. 45: 120-124. Strausbaugh, C.A., P.N. Miklas, S.P. Singh, J.R. Myers, and R.L. Forster. 2003. Genetic characterization of differential reactions among host group 3 common bean cultivars to NL-3 K strain of bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Phytopathology 93:683-690. Teran, H., and S.P. Singh. 2002. Comparison of sources and lines selected for drought resistance in common bean. Crop Sci. 42: 64-70. Teran, H., and S.P. Singh. 2002. Selection for drought resistance in early generations of common bean populations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: 491-497. Vandemark, G.J., and P.N. Miklas. 2002. A fluorescent PCR assay for the codominant interpretation of a dominant SCAR marker linked to the virus resistance allele bc-12 in common bean. Mol. Breeding 10:193-201. Velasquez-Valle, R., M. M. Medina-Aguilar, y H. F. Schwartz. 2002. Expresion de sintomas y decoloracion vascular en lineas de frijol inoculadas con aislamientos de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli de diferente origen geofgrafico. Rev. Mexicana dd Fitopatologia 20:98-102. Zapata, M. 2002. Gram negative bacteria detected on leaves and seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris during years 1994-2001. Ann. Rep. of the Bean Improv. Coop. 45:164-165. Zapata, M. and J.S. Beaver. 2002. Common bacterial blight studies in the Caribbean and Central America. Ann. Rep. of the Bean Improv.

Impact Statements

The income stream for growers of many classes of dry beans and snap beans will be improved as the research yields information to reduce the cost of inputs, produces new releases that improve yield and contain disease resistance. The impact will be felt broadly throughout the world.
New releases with improved cooking characteristics will reduce the demand for fuel as cooking time at a given temperature will be reduced.
Inasmuch as beans remain a major part of the diet of people with low annual incomes, it will continue to be an excellent source of fiber, protein, vitamins and other nutrients not readily available in their diet.
The work to develop more upright architecture in the plan will make harvesting more efficient and will reduce the incidence of disease.

Date of Annual Report: 10/12/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/29/2003 - 10/29/2003
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2003 - 12/01/2003

Participants

Parthiba Balasubramanian, AAFC,Morden,MB, parthibab@agr.ge.ca
James Beaver, University of Puerto Rico, jbeaver@uprm.edu
Stephen Beebe, CIAT, s.beebe@cgiar.org
Matthew Blair, CIAT. M.blair@cgiar.org
Earl Booth, University of California,Davis/FSP, webooth@ucdavis.edu
Mark Brick, Colorado State University, mbrick@lamar.colostate.edu
Shawna Bushey, USDA-ARS, busheysh@msu.edu
Paul Gepts, University of California, Davis, plgepts@ucdavis.edu
Bob Gilbertson, University of California, Davis, rlgilbertson@ucdavis.edu
Tom Grebb, National Dry Bean Council,tom@centralbean.com
Phillip Griffiths, NYSAES,Cornell University, pdg8@cornell.edu
An N. Hang, Washington State University, Prosser, ahang@tricity.wsu.edu
George L. Hosfield, USDA/ARS-Michigan State University,East, hosfield2@msu.edu
Francisco Ibarra-Perez, INIFAP-Mexico, fcojip@hotmail.com
James P. Kelly, Michigan State University, kellyj@msu.edu
Ken Kmiecik, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, ken.kmiecik@seminis.com
Chet Kurowski, Harris Moran Seed, c.kurowski@harrismoran.com
Rich Larsen, USDA-ARS, rlarsen@pars.ars.usda.gov
Liang-Shiou Lin, USDA/CSREES, llin@csrees.usda.gov
Roxanne Mainz, Syngenta Seeds, roxanne.mainz@syngenta.com
Phil McClean, North Dakota State University, phillip.mcclean@ndsu.nodak.edu
Phillip Miklas, USDA/ARS, pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov
H.-Henning Mundel, AAFC-Lethbridge AB
Jim Myers, Oregon State University, myersja@science.oregonstate.edu
Bert Neele, Nunhems Zaden, b.neele@nunhems.com
Jim Nienhuis, University of Wisconsin, nienhuis@calshp.cals.wisc.edu
Sean J. Park, AAFC Research Center, parks@agr.gc.cu
M.A. Pastor-Corrales, ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD, pastorm@ba.ars.usda..gov
TimPorch, USDA/ARS/TARS, maytp@ars-grin.gov
Ron Riley, Basin Seed, ron.riley@basinseed.com
Juan C. Rosas,EAP/Zamorano, jcrosas@zamorano.edu
Eric Sandsted, Cornell University, ers23@cornell.edu
Howard Schwartz, Colorado State University, howard.schwartz@colostate.edu
Shree Singh, University of Idaho, Kimberly, singh@kimberly.uidaho.edu
James R. Steadman, University of Nebraska, jsteadman@unl.edu
Kathy Stewart-Williams, Idaho Foundation Seed, williams@kimberly.uidaho.edu
Bert Vandenberg, University of Saskatchewan, vandenberg@usask.edu
Greg Varner, Michigan Bean Commission, hornyp@msu.edu
Dan Wahlquist, Syngenta Seeds, dan.wahlquist@syngenta.com
Giles Waines, University of California, Riverside, giles.waines@uct.edu
Molly Welsh, USDA-ARS-WRPIS, mmwelsh@wsu.edu

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

W150 continues to carry out major collaborative common bean research. Yield, adaptation, reaction to disease across environments, new gene identification and markers for resistance to disease, pollination biology, collection and storage of species diversity in landraces, and yield improvement by crossing to wild types were evaluated this year. A new bean disease was identified in the State of Washington and was named "phyllody". Heat and cold tolerance, total dietary fiber and indigestible starch, soaking, color loss and cooking quality were all part of the research reported this year. There is an excellent working relationship and discussion of needs by the private sector, land grant universities and the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA. One patent was issued to Michigan State University for ‘DNA encoding for a disease resistance gene from common bean and methods of use‘. Plant Variety Protection was granted for Beluga white kidney, Red Hawk dark red kidney and Matterhorn great northern. Michigan released cultivar "Merlot", a small red dry bean with upright architecture, superior canning quality and resistance to bean common mosaic virus. They also released "Claret" an early, short season small red bean suited for double cropping systems in the western US. Michigan State University and the USDA-ARS released "Seahawk" a multiple disease resistant navy bean cultivar. Eight germplasm releases were made with focus on disease resistance. The diseases targeted are anthracnose, rust, white mold, bean common mosaic virus, bean golden yellow mosaic virus, and heat and cold tolerance. The collaborative nurseries and their activities are described as follows: NATIONAL COOPERATIVE DRY BEAN NURSERY Tested 25 genotypes with nine market classes at 12 locations in the US and Canada for seed yield, maturity, plant type, and reaction to diseases. At the Othello Station in Washington the overall yield was 3543 kg/hectar. Deficiencies in zinc and phosphorus coupled with high temperatures during flowering and pod set at some locations severely lowered yields. MIDWEST REGIONAL PERFORMANCE NURSERY Tested 22 genotypes at four locations. This nursery provides evaluation of advanced breeding lines of pinto and great northern for yield stability by environment. Data are still being analyzed. WESETERN REGIONAL BEAN TRIAL Located in Idaho, Colorado and Washington, evaluated eight genotypes of pinto market class beans. All genotypes tested this year, along with the checks, were highly susceptible to white mold. WINTER NURSERY IN PUERTO RICO Advanced 1320 common bean breeding lines in addition to an unspecified number of white and black seeding lines. This winter nursery shortens the time necessary for breeding programs and releases and is vital to all members of the committee. NATIONAL WHITE MOLD NURSERY Coordinated by Nebraska in 11 states. They identified new sources of partial resistance. Overall average percent infection was 68%. "Cornell 501" showed only 31% infection. Field results were consistant with greenhouse results. USDA-ARS PHASEOLUS COLLECTION 14,265 accessions representing 42 species are in the collection as of 10-20-03. Twenty one percent are BCMV free. 358 accessions were increased. Germination testing was done on 860 acessions. 1352 accessions were distributed to researchers, 19.5% in the Western region, 44.8% outside the Western region and 35.7% were sent out of the U.S. Physiological and organic diseases studied by the committee included: heat and cold tolerance, copper tolerance, common bacterial blight, cucumber mosaic virus, root rot, rust, white mold, phyllody, and the soybean aphid. Research on cooking quality and soaking continued. There was a strong correlation between water uptake, shininess of the seed and color loss. Genetic studies and gene markers were successful this year. Flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene is necessary for color production in the seed coat. A SCAR marker helped identify a gene responsible for resistance to Beet Curly Top Virus. A QTL-linked SCAR marker was used to determine resistance to common bacterial blight in Great Northern. Three resistance genes were found for Fusarium wilt in commmon bean. A single dominant gene controls resistance to three races. A single dominant gene contols resistance to the rust causing pathogen race 59. QTL analysis confirmed ICA Bunsi white mold resistance loci on the linkage groups B2 an B7. Two major QTL markers were found for white mold resistance in snap bean breeding lines.

Publications

ABEBE SHENKUT, A. and BRICK, M.A. 2003. Traits associated with dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity under diverse soil moisture environments. Euphytica 133: 339-347. BASSETT, M.J. and MIKLAS, P.N. 2003. New alleles rkcd with convertible and rkp with weak expression at the red kidney locus for seedcoat color in common bean. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 128:552-558. BEAVER, J.S., ROSAS, J.C., MYERS, J., ACOSTA, J., KELLY, J.D., NCHIMBI- MSOLLA, S., MISANGU, R., BOKOSI, J., TEMPLE, S., ARNAUD-SANTANA, E. and COYNE, D.P. 2003. Contributions of the Bean/Cowpea CRSP to cultivar and germplasm development in common bean. Field Crops Res. 82:87-102. BLAIR, M.W., GIRALDO, M.C., DURAN, L., BEAVER, J. and NIN, J.C. 2003. Phaseolin characterization of Caribbean common bean germplasm. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 46:63-64. BRACERO, V., RIVERA, L. and BEAVER, J.S. 2003. DNA analysis confirms Macroptilium lathyroides as alternative host of Bean golden yellow mosaic virus. Plant Dis. 87:1022-1025. BRICK, M.A., SCHWARTZ, H.F., OGG, J.B., JOHNSON, J.J. and JUDSON, F. 2002. Naming and release of Grand Mesa. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 45:248. BRICK, M.A., SCHWARTZ, H.F., OGG, J.B., JOHNSON, J.J., JUDSON, F. and PEARSON, C.J. 2002. Registration of Shiny Crow black bean. Crop Sci. 42:1751-1752. BRICK, M.A., OGG, J.B., MIKLAS, P.N., SCHWARTZ, H.F. and JUDSON, F. 2002. Registration of three early maturity Anasazi-type common bean germplasms with resistance to bean common mosaic virus. Crop Sci. 42:672. CASTELLANOS-RAMOS, J.Z., GUZMAN-MALDONADO, H., KELLY, J.D. and ACOSTA-GALLEGOS, J.A. 2003. Registration of Flor de Junio Marcela common bean. Crop Sci. 43:1121. COYNE, D.P., STEADMAN, J.R., GODOY-LUTZ, G., GILBERTSON, R., ARNAUD SANTANA, E., BEAVER, J.S. and. MYERS, J.R. 2003. Contributions of the Bean/Cowpea CRSP to management of bean diseases. Field Crops Res. 82:155-168. CRAMER, R.A., BRICK, M.A, BYRNE, P.F., SCHWARTZ, H.F. and WICKLIFFE, E. 2002. Characterization of Fusarium wilt isolates collected in the central High Plains. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 45: 38-39. CRAMER, R.A., BYRNE, P.F, BRICK, M.A., PANELLA, L., WICKLIFFE, E. and SCHWARTZ, H.F. 2003. Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum isolates from common bean and sugar beet using pathogenicity assays and random-ammplified polymorphic DNA markers. J. Phytopathology 151:352-360. DE MEJMA, E.G., GUZMAN-MALDONADO, S.H., ACOSTA-GALLEGOS, J.A., REYNOSO-CAMACHO, R., RAMMREZ-RODRMGUEZ, E., PONS-HERNANDEZ, J.L., GONZALEZ-CHAVIRA, M.M., CASTELLANOS, J.Z. and KELLY, J.D. 2003. Effect of cultivar and growing location on the trypsin inhibitors, tannin, and lectins of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in the semiarid highlands of Mexico. J Agric. Food Chem. 51:5962-5966. ENDER, M. 2003. QTL analysis of genetic resistance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI. 166pp. GENT, D.H., SCHWARTZ, H.F. and. NISSEN, S.J. 2003. Effect of commercial adjuvants on vegetable crop fungicide coverage, absorption, and efficacy. Plant Dis. 87:591-597. HALSETH, D.E., SANDSTED, E.R., HYMES, W.L. and MACLAURY, R.L. 2003. 2002 New York State dry bean variety trials. Dept. of Horticulture Rpt. 15, Cornell Univ. HANG, A.N., SILBERNAGEL, M.J. and MIKLAS, P.N.. 2003. Registration of Orca black-and-white mottled anasazi-type dry bean. Crop Sci. 43:1882. JUNG, G., ARIYARATHNE, H.M., COYNE, D.P., NIENHUIS, J., UPPER, C.D. and HIRANO, S. 2002. Identification of QTLs resistant to bacterial brown spot on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using RAPD markers. Crop Sci. 43:350-357. KELLY, J.D., HOSFIELD, G.L, VARNER, G.V., UEBERSAX, M.A., ENDER, M. and TAYLOR, J. 2003. Registration of Seahawk navy bean. Crop Sci. 43:2307-2308. KELLY, J.D., GEPTS, P., MIKLAS, P.N. and. COYNE, D.P. 2003. Tagging and mapping of genes and QTL and molecular marker-assisted selection for traits of economic importance in bean and cowpea. Field Crops Res. 82:135-154. KOLKMAN, J.M. and KELLY, J.D. 2003. QTL conferring resistance and avoidance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Crop Sci. 43:539-548. MAURO HERRERA, M. 2003. Wild bean populations as source of genes to improve the yield of cultivated Phaseolus vulgaris L. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of California, Davis. MCMILLAN, M.S., SCHWARTZ, H.F. and OTTO, K.L. 2003. Sexual stage development of Uromyces appendiculatus and its potential use for disease resistance screening of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Dis. 87:1133-1138. MIKLAS, P.N., COYNE, D.P. GRAFTON, K.F., MUTLU, N., REISER, J., LINDGREN, D. and SINGH, S.P. 2003. A major QTL for common bacterial blight resistance derives from the common bean great northern landrace cultivar Montana No.5. Euphytica 131:137-146. MIKLAS, P.N., DELORME, R. and RILEY, R. 2003. Identification of QTL conditioning resistance to white mold in a snap bean population. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 128:564-570. MIKLAS, P.N., KELLY, J.D and SINGH, S.P. 2003. Registration of anthracnose-resistant pinto bean germplasm line USPT-ANT-1. Crop Sci. 43:1889-1890. MORAGHAN, J.T. and GRAFTON, K.F. 2002. Iron accumulation in seed of common bean. Plant and Soil 246:175-183. MUKESHIMANA, G. 2003. Breeding for resistance to bean common mosaic necrosis virus and molecular tagging of bc-3 gene in common bean. M.S. thesis, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI. 98pp. MUKESHIMANA, G., HART, L.P. and KELLY, J.D. 2003. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus, E2894, Michigan State Univ., E. Lansing, MI. NAVARRO, F. and NIENHUIS, J. 2002. White mold resistance in two snap bean populations (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) derived from Andean x Andean and Andean x Mesoamerican gene pools. Midwest Food Processors Processing Crop Manual and Proceedings. 14:167-169. OLIVEIRA E SILVA, L., ARAUJO MORAES, E., AIDAR, H., THUNG, M.D.T., GUTIERREZ, J.A, TERAN, H., MORALES, F.J., PASTOR-CORRALES, M.A.,. SCHWARTZ, H.F and SINGH, S.P. 2003. Registration of EMGOPA 202-Ouro common bean. Crop Sci. 43:1881-1882. OSORNO, J.M., BEAVER, J.S., FERWERDA, F. and MIKLAS, P.N. 2003. Two genes from Phaseolus coccineus confer resistance to bean golden yellow mosaic virus. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 46:147-148. PARK, S.O., COYNE, D.P. and STEADMAN, J.R. 2003. Survey of molecular markers linked to the Ur-7 gene for specific rust resistance in diverse bean cultivars and breeding lines. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 46:193-194. PARK, S.O., COYNE, D.P., STEADMAN, J.R. and SKROCH, P.W. 2003. Mapping of the Ur-7 gene for specific resistance to rust in common bean. Crop Sci. 43:1470-1476. PASTOR-CORRALES, M.A. 2003. Sources, genes for resistance, and pedigrees of 52 rust and mosaic resistant germplasm lines released by the USDA Beltsville bean project in collaboration with the Michigan, Nebraska and North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Stations. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 46: 235-241. PASTOR-CORRALES, M.A., STEADMAN, J.R. and KELLY, J.D. 2003. Common bean gene pool information provides guidance for effective deployment of disease resistance genes. Phytopathology 93: S70. RAINEY, K.M. and GRIFFITHS, P.D. 2003. Evaluation of common bean yield components under heat stress. HortScience 38:682. ROMAN, B., KIRK, W., SNAPP, S. and KELLY, J. D. 2003. Fusarium root rot of common beans, E2876, Michigan State Univ., E. Lansing, MI. SINGH, S.P., TERAN, H., GUTIERREZ, J.A., PASTOR-CORRALES, M.A., SCHWARTZ, H.F. and MORALES, F.J. 2003. Registration of A 339, MAR 1, MAR 2, and MAR 3 angular leaf spot resistance common bean germplasm. Crop Sci. 43:1886-1887 SMITH, J.R., PARK, S.J., MIKLAS, P.N.and CANADAY, C.H. Release of inter-racial dry bean germplasm line TARS-PT03-1 with yield potential and resistance to soil pathogenic fungi and common bacterial blight. USDA-ARS Germplasm Release Notice, 2 p., 2003. SNAPP, S., KIRK, W., ROMAN-AVILIS, B. and KELLY, J. 2003. Root traits play a role in integrated management of Fusarium root rot in snap beans. HortScience 38:187-191. STEADMAN, J. R., ESKRIDGE, K. M., POWERS, K., KUROWSKI, C., MAINZ, R., KELLY, J., GRIFFITHS, P., GRAFTON, K., MYERS, J., MIKLAS, P and KMIECIK, K. 2003. Identification of partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in field and greenhouse tests at multiple locations. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 46:225-226. STRAUSBAUGH, C.A., MIKLAS, P.N., SINGH, S.P., MYERS, J.R. and FORSTER, R.L. 2003. Genetic characterization of differential reactions among host group 3 common bean cultivars to NL-3 K strain of bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Phytopathology 93:683-690. VELASQUEZ-VALLE, R., MEDINA-AGUILAR, M.M. and SCHWARTZ, H.F. 2002. Reaccion de seis genotipos de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a tres aislamientos de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick and Snyder. Rev. Mexicana de Fitopatologia 20:146-151.

Impact Statements

The adoption of new dry bean cultivars in Michigan contributed in part to the 10% increase in yield over the 1998-2003 period.
Dry bean cultivars released from W-150 efforts dominate production in North Dakota and Minnesota.
Commerical value of released cultivars in North Dakota exceeded $50 million.
Cultivars with disease resistance reduce fungicide use and impact the environment while saving money for the producer.

Date of Annual Report: 03/15/2005

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/18/2005 - 02/19/2005
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2004 - 12/01/2004

Participants

Myrna Alameda, University of Puerto Rico
Jim Beaver, University of Puerto Rico
Steve Beebe, CIAT
Maurice Bennink, Michigan State University
Mark A. Brick, Colorado State University
Judy Brown, Arizona State University
Margarita Fewerda-Licha, University of Puerto Rico
Ken Grafton, North Dakota State University
Phillip Griffiths, NYSAES, Cornell University
An N. Hang, Washington State University, Prosser
James D. Kelly, Michigan State University
Phil Miklas, USDA-ARS, Prosser
Jim Myers, Oregon State University
Jim Nienhuis, University of Wisconsin
Juan Manuel Osorno, University of Puerto Rico
Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales, USDA-ARS, Beltsville
Tim Porch, USDA-ARS, Mayaguez
Antonio de Ron, Plant Genetic Resources Department, Pontevedra, Spain
Shree Singh, University of Idaho, Kimberly
Jim Steadman, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Molly Welsh, USDA-ARS-WRPIS-NPGS, Pullman
Mildred Zapata, University of Puerto Rico

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

The committee met in Puerto Rico in February of 2005. This committee continues to use multiple nurseries across the US and in Puerto Rico to determine disease resistance. The effort has paid off in great measure this year. This work could not be done without the climate and environmental differences that exist among the states and territories participating on this committee. This year the committee released a Black Bean breeding line under the name of Condor. It is high yielding, is suitable for direct harvest, has improved levels of resistance to anthracnose and has excellent canning quality. Redcoat was released from the Soldier breeding line and is based on bush habit, full season maturity, improved levels of resistance to anthracnose and bean common mosaic virus. It has unique disease resistance and quality traits that had not been found in the Soldier class. Six new Great Northern lines were released. They are the first lines to have resistance to rust. They have four genes for rust resistance. Snap bean breeding lines are showing resistance to beet curly top virus. A red kidney line will be released that has BGYM resistance and heat tolerance. As can be seen from the minutes, a large amount of work continues in each of the areas of the project. This work will result in new breakthroughs in both dry bean and snap beans. The contribution by a number of states has led to the new lines with disease resistance and the work will continue to yield new avenues for beans. Without question this committee is contributing enormously to bean quality and will continue to benefit the world in getting a food commodity that is high in protein which is sorely needed in both developed and developing countries. As the Administrative Advisor, I commend the great work this multi state team is accomplishing. Their new project proposal will position them to make even greater strides in improved quality and disease resistance of dry beans and snap beans. The impact of the work of this committee spreads around the world.

Publications

Acevedo, M., A. Alleyne, J. Fenton, and J.R. Steadman. 2004. Phenotypic and genotypic variation in Uromyces appendiculatus from a region in a major center of common bean domestication. Phytopathology 94:S156. Acevedo, M., A.T. Alleyne, J. Fenton, and J.R. Steadman. 2004. Phenotypic and genotypic variation in Uromyces appendiculatus from regions of commercial production and centers of common bean domestication. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:115-116. Araya, C.M., A.T. Alleyne, J.R. Steadman, K.M. Eskridge, and D.P. Coyne. 2004. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the bean rust pathogen from bean fields in the Americas. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:57-58. Araya, C.M., A.T. Alleyne, J.R. Steadman, K.M. Eskridge, and D.P. Coyne. 2004. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Uromyces appendiculatus from Phaseolus vulgaris in the Americas. Plant Dis. 88:830-836. Brick, M.A., J.B. Ogg,, H.F. Schwartz, P.F. Byrne, and J.D. Kelly. 2004. Resistance to multiple races of Fusarium wilt in common bean. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:131-132. Cazares-Enriquez, B., A. Castillo Rosales, R. Rosales Serna, J.D. Kelly, and S.P. Singh. 2004. Registration of Negro Vizcaya shiny black bean. Crop Sci. 44:1866-1867. Ernest, E.G. 2004. Developing improved bush bean varieties in Ecuadorian market classes using farmer participatory crop improvement methods and marker assisted selection of an anthracnose resistance gene. M.S. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI. 154pp. Fourie, D., P.N. Miklas, and H.M. Ariyarathne. 2004. Genes conditioning halo blight resistance to races 1, 7, and 9 occur in a tight cluster. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improve. Coop. 47:103-104. Frahm, M.A., J.C. Rosas, N. Mayek-Pérez, E. López-Salinas, J.A. Acosta-Gallegos, and J.D. Kelly. 2004. Breeding beans for resistance to terminal drought in the lowland tropics. Euphytica 136:223-232. Godoy-Lutz, G., S. Kuninaga, J.R. Steadman, K. Powers, and B. Higgins. 2004. Genetic variability of new subgroups of Rhizoctonia solani, cause of web blight of dry beans. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:127-128. Hang, A.N., and V.I. Press. 2004. Effect of irrigation on 'Burke' and 'Othello' pinto bean grown in Central Washington. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:209-210. Hang, A.N., M.J. Silbernagel, P.N. Miklas, and G.L. Hosfield. 2005. Registration of 'Blush' light red kidney bean. Crop Sci. (in press). Hang, A.N., M.J. Silbernagel, P.N. Miklas, and G.L. Hosfield. 2005. Registration of 'Fiero' dark red kidney bean. Crop Sci. (in press). Hosfield, G.L., A.N. Hang, and M.A. Uebersax. 2004. Notice of naming and release of 'Claret', a new, upright, disease resistant small red dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:331-332. Hosfield, G.L., G.V. Varner, M.A. Uebersax, and J.D. Kelly. 2004. Registration of Merlot small red bean. Crop Sci. 44:351-352. Jochua, C., J. Steadman, M. Amane, and J. Fenton. 2004. Pathogen phenotypes used to identify sources of resistance to rust from a specific common bean gene pool in southern Mozambique. Phytopathology 94:S47. Kelly, J.D. 2004. Advances in common bean improvement: Some case histories with broader applications. Acta Horticultura 637:99-122. Kelly, J.D., and P.N. Miklas. 2004. Germplasm enhancement in the United States: the tropical connection. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:35-36. Kelly, J.D., and V.A. Vallejo. 2004. A comprehensive review of the major genes conditioning resistance to anthracnose in common bean. HortScience 39:1196-1207. Larsen, R.C., and P.N. Miklas. 2004. Generation and molecular mapping of a SCAR marker linked with the Bct gene for resistance to Beet curly top virus in common bean. Phytopathology 94:320-325. Larsen, R.C., P.N. Miklas, and K.D. Druffel. 2004. Evidence of genomic recombination between BCMNV and BCMV. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:121-122. Lee, I.-M., K.D. Bottner, P.N. Miklas, and M.A. Pastor-Corrales. 2004. Clover proliferation group (16SrVI) subgroup A (16SrVI-A) phytoplasma is a probable causal agent of dry bean phyllody disease in Washington. Plant Dis. 88:429. McClean, P.E., R.K. Lee, and P.N. Miklas. 2004. Sequence diversity analysis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase intron 1 in common bean. Genome 47:266-280. Melotto, M., M.F. Coelho, A. Pedrosa-Harand, J.D. Kelly, and L.E.A. Camargo. 2004. The anthracnose resistance locus Co-4 of common bean is located on chromosome 3 and contains putative disease resistance B related genes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109:690-699. Miklas, P.N., D. Hauf, R. Henson, and K.F. Grafton. 2004. Inheritance of ICA Bunsi-derived resistance in a navy x pinto bean cross. Crop Sci. 44:1584-1588. Miklas, P.N., J. Hu, and N. Grunwald. 2004. Potential application of TRAP markers for tagging disease resistance traits in common bean. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:79-80. Mkandawire, A.B.C., R.B. Mabagala, P. Guzman, P. Gepts, and R.L. Gilbertson. 2004. Genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of common blight bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans) suggests coevolution with the common bean. Phytopathology 94:593-603. Mutlu, N., A.K. Vidaver, D.P. Coyne, J.R. steadman, J. Reiser, and P.A. Lambrecht. 2004. Identification of races of Xanthomonas compestris pv. phaseoli and establishment of the first common bacterial blight differential Phaseolus vulgaris lines. Phytopathology 94:S73. Myers, J.R., J.W. Davis, D. Kean, and B. Yorgey. 2004. Genetic analysis of processing traits in green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Acta Horticultura 637:369-375. OBoyle, P.D. 2004. Use of marker-assisted selection to breed for resistance to common bacterial blight in common bean. M.S. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI. 131pp. Park. S.O., D.P. Coyne, and J.R. Steadman. 2004. Survey of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the Ur-6 gene in middle American and Andean bean. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:117-118. Park, S.O., D.P. Coyne, and J.R. Steadman. 2004. Confirmation of the Ur-6 location in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:265-266. Park, S.O., D.P. Coyne, and J.R. Steadman. 2004. Development of a SCAR marker linked to the Ur-7 gene in common bean. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:269-270. Park, S.O., D.P. Coyne, J.R. Steadman, and M.A. Brick. 2004. Survey of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the Ur-6 gene in pinto beans. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:267-268. Park, S.O., D.P. Coyne, J.R. Steadman, K.M. Crosby, and M.A. Brick. 2004. RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the Ur-6 Andean gene controlling specific rust resistance in common bean. Crop Sci. 44:1799-1807. Pastor-Corrales, M.A., J.R. Steadman, and M.C. Aime. 2004. Host gene-pool specialization and species concepts in Uromyces appendiculatus and other pathogens of common bean. Phytopathology 94:S124. Rainey, K.M., and P.D. Griffiths. 2005. Differential responses of common bean genotypes to high temperatures. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 130: (In press). Rainey, K.M., and P.D. Griffiths. 2004. Identification of heat tolerant Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray plant introductions following exposure to high temperatures in a controlled environment. Gen. Res. Crop. Evol. (in press). Román-Avilés, B., S.S. Snapp, and J.D. Kelly. 2004. Assessing root traits associated with root rot resistance in common bean. Field Crops Res. 86:147-156. Rosales-Serna, R., J. Kohashi-Shibata, J.A. Acosta-Gallejos, C. Trejo-López, J. Ortiz-Cereceres, and J.D. Kelly. 2004. Biomass distribution, maturity acceleration and yield in drought-stressed common bean cultivars. Field Crops Res. 85:203-211. Sanchez-Valdez, I., J.A. Acosta Gallegos, F.J., Ibarra Pérez, R. Rosales Serna, and S.P. Singh. 2004. Registration of Pinto Saltio common bean. Crop Sci. 44:1865-1866. Schwartz, H. F., and Gent, D. H. 2004. Disease forecasting modeling of Uromyces appendiculatus in the High Plains bean production region. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47: 109-110. Schwartz, H.F., K. Otto, H. Terán, and S.P. Singh. 2004. Inheritance of white mold resistance in the interspecific crosses of pinto cultivars Othello and UI 320 and Phaseolus coccineus L. accessions PI 433246 and PI 439534. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:279-280. Seo, Y.-S., P. Gepts, and R.L. Gilbertson. 2004. Genetics of resistance to the geminivirus, Bean dwarf mosaic virus, and the role of the hypersensitive response in common bean. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:786-793. Singh, S.P. 2004. Use of exotic interracial and wide crosses for common bean cultivar development. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:37-38. Singh, S.P., D. Westermann, R. Allen, R. Parrott, K. Mulberry, J. Smith, M. Dennis, R. Hayes, H. Terán, and C.G. Muñoz. 2004. Response of dry bean cultivars and landraces to seven cropping systems in southern Idaho. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:303-304. Steadman, J.R., L.K. Otto-Hanson, K. Powers, C. Kurowski, R. Mainz, J. Kelly, P. Griffiths, K. Grafton, J. Myers, P. Miklas, and H. Schwartz. 2004. Identification of partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean at multiple locations. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 47:281-282. Vuong, T.D., D.D. Hoffman, B.W. Diers, J.K. Miller, J.R. Steadman, and G.L. Hartman. 2004. Evaluation of soybean, dry bean, and sunflower for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Crop Sci. 44:777-783.

Impact Statements

The newly released lines will allow growers more options in the type of beans they grow.
The releases will also reduce the external inputs, such as chemicals for disease control as the disease resistance continues to be bred into the new lines.
It is now impossible to determine the overall economic and health impacts but the work clearly shows that beans can become even more important in the diets of people around the world.

Date of Annual Report: 02/07/2006

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 11/03/2005 - 11/03/2005
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2005 - 12/01/2005

Participants

Attendance:
Giles Waines, UC Riverside
Francisco Ibana-Perez, INIFAP-Mexico
Margarita Lema, University of Idaho
Shree Singh, University of Idaho
Pedro Arraes, Embrapa/ARS
Ken Kmiecik, Seminis
Molly Welsh, USDA/ARS
Merion Liebenberg, ARC-Grain Crops Institute
Matthew Blair, CIAT
Jim Myers, Oregon State University
Roxanne Mainz, Syngenta Seeds
Deidre Fourie, ARC-Grain Crops Institute
Tom Grebb, US Dry Bean Council
Ron Riley, Basin Seeds Company
Mark Brick, Colorado State University
Rich Larsen, USDA/ARS
Rich Pratt, OSU
Soon Park, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada
Maria Celeste Goncalves Vidigal, U. de Maringa, Brazil
Pedro Soares Vidigal, UEM, Maringa, Brazil
James Beaver, University of Puerto Rico
Jim Nienhuis, University of Wisconsin
Jim Kelly, Michigan State University
Howard Schwartz, Colorado State University
James R. Steadman, University of Nebraska
Phillip Miklas, USDA/ARS
Carlos Urrea, University of Nebraska
M.A. Pastor Corrales, USDA/ARS
Tim Porch, USDA/ARS
Ann Marie Thro, USDA/CSREES
Priscila Zaczuk Bassinello, Embrapa

Participants Attachment:

Attachment

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

ACCOMPLISHMENTS BY OBJECTIVES 1. Improve the efficiency of breeding through elucidation of biological and environmental controls regulating yield potential and adaptation, enhancement of breeding methodologies (including genome mapping and gene database development), and improvement of germplasm diversity utilization. 1.A. Yield and Adaptation National Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery The 2005 Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery was organized and distributed by the Washington State University (Prosser) with 38 commercial and experimental lines of dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of 9 different market classes (black, navy/small white, great northern, pinto, yellow, Flor de Mayo, small red, pink, and kidney). These lines were from CA, CO, ID, MI, NY, WA, USDA-ARS, ADM, Colusa Bean, Elliot Plant Breeding and Idaho Seed Bean. Yields ranged from 1744 to 3257 lb/a with a mean yield of 2589 lb/a across nine locations. Data on canning quality will be collected during Spring, 2006. Midwest Nursery MRPN was conducted at four locations, Carrington, ND, Mitchel, NE, Ft. Collins, CO and Saginaw, MI in 2005. The nursery included 20 entries consisting of advanced pinto and great northern lines from all four breeding program in these states. Yield ranged from 13 to 23 cwt/acre across all four locations and a number of lines consistently performed above the mean across these diverse locations. This cooperative nursery continues to be valuable as it allows an evaluation of potential new lines prior to release as varieties in other states. Western Regional Bean Trial The Western Regional Bean Trial (WRBT) coordinated by USDA-ARS (Prosser, WA) was conducted in CO, WA and ID in 2005. There were 28 entries and 4 checks. In total, four market classes were tested, including 18 pintos, 7 great northerns, 3 small reds and 4 blacks. Eleven of the entries were from ID, 8 from CO, and 9 from WA (ARS). Yields under optimum and water stress conditions were obtained in ID and WA, and yield under rainfed conditions in CO. A beet curly top virus epidemic in WA enabled separation among entries for resistant and susceptible reaction to this disease. Germplasm evaluation, development, or release From January 2005 through October 2005 the Phaseolus germplasm maintenance program continued with its regular seed increase program, during which all increased plants were tested for BCMV. As of October 15, 2005, there are a total of 14,676 accessions in the Phaseolus collection. A seed increase has been conducted on 396 of these lines. Of the total collection, 11,483 accessions are backed up at the NCPRG in Fort Collins, CO. Two hundred ninety four new accessions (representing 8 species) were added to the collection and passport data on this material has been entered into GRIN. Distribution of Phaseolus germplasm from 1/1/2005 to 10/15/2005 included 2,180 accessions from 21 species or variety groups. The distribution of germplasm from the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station was 29.9% within the western region of the U.S., 60.5% outside the western region of the U.S., and 9.5% to non-U.S. sites. Species in the collection represent 42 of the 116 recognized Phaseolus taxa. A number of germplasm lines and varieties were developed during 2005. In Michigan, the adoption of new bean varieties have contributed in part to the 10% in increase in yield observed over the five year period (1999 2005) when compared to the previous five year periods. Adoption of the new bean variety Merlot, released in 2005, helped Michigan small red bean growers increase productivity and profits with 75 percent higher per acre yields than other small red beans. In 2005, Merlot experienced a 48 percent adoption rate which is the highest recorded for dry beans in Michigan and rivals the adoption rate of Roundup Ready® soybeans when they were first introduced. In Michigan, the pink bean breeding line S00809 was released as the variety Sedona based on a combination of favorable characteristics including upright architecture, high yield, mid-season maturity and dry down, suitability for direct harvest, improved levels of resistance to BCMV and rust, and excellent canning quality. Sedona represents the first pink bean variety to be released by MSU. In addition, cranberry bean breeding line C99833 was released as the variety Capri based on a combination of favorable characteristics including bush habit, mid-season maturity, and improved levels of resistance to bean common mosaic virus. Capri has a highly desirable large seed and low incidence of internal black spot that make it suitable for export markets. Breeding efforts in CO have identified two new black bean lines that were increased for foundation seed in 2005 and that are planned for public release in 2006. In addition, one pinto line is being increased for foundation seed and release in 2006. Previously released pinto cultivars contribute to increased production (~5% statewide) and reduced use of pesticides (to control rust) in the High Plains region. Three bean germplasm lines, PR9771-3-2, PR0247-49 and PR0157-4-1, were released (UPRM) in collaboration with the USDA-ARS. The lines were derived from interspecific crosses and represent a unique source of resistance to BGYMV. Through multi-state collaboration, Belmineb-RMR lines 8-13, rust, BCM and BCMN resistant great northern lines, were released. A common bacterial blight and rust resistant pinto germplasm line, ABCP-8, was also released. WA (ARS) has released USPT-WM-1, a germplasm line (formerly AN-37), the first pinto bean developed with enhanced resistance to white mold disease. White mold resistant lines were also released in other market classes including, Cornell 603 (dark red kidney), Cornell 604 (black), Cornell 605 (light red kidney) and Cornell 606 (black). USDK-CBB-15 is a dark red kidney bean germplasm release with a high level of resistance to common bacterial blight. Development of this line benefited from MAS through selection for resistance conditioned by two QTL, SAP6 on B10 and SU91 on B8. In snap beans, Oregon is in the process of releasing OSU 5630, a bush blue lake green bean. It is very similar to the standard variety Oregon 91G, but has improved yield and quality. Heat tolerance Populations developed in NY from crosses with Tio Canela and red kidney types (Montcalm and Red Kanner) were used to develop F4/5 populations that were evaluated in collaboration with USDA-ARS (Mayaguez). Two backcross plants developed in NY (Geneva), based on an interspecific cross to a heat tolerant accession of P. acutifolius, were used to develop backcross-self populations for heat tolerance. A high temperature trials were conducted in Juan Diaz, Puerto Rico (ARS) and in the greenhouse that included testing of promising varieties for heat tolerance breeding, a recombinant inbred line population for the study of the genetics of heat tolerance, and the selection of early generation lines for heat tolerance and common bacterial blight resistance. Other In Idaho, under severe drought stress pressure, some small-seeded black beans, such as 115M and Condor, exhibited high levels of drought tolerance. In addition, fourteen new pinto and seven great northern breeding lines and nine checks were evaluated in the Idaho Dry Bean Trial (IDBT) at Parma. The maturity and yield of the new pinto breeding lines were comparable to the standard checks such as Buster, Othello, and Bill Z. But, some breeding lines possessed better seed quality and merit further evaluation. The 2005 field season in Michigan proved to be quite challenging for bean production due to wet planting conditions in June followed by below normal precipitation (5.6% less) for the season. The season bore similarities to 2004 season but yields differed dramatically. Many trials averaged 30 cwt/acre and top yields in black beans reached 39 cwt/acre compared to a statewide average of 17 cwt/acre for the commercial crop. The extreme drought hastened maturity particularly in full-season varieties but unlike 2004 when yield were reduced, yields in 2005 were well above average. In 2004 when the earlier-maturing entries such as pintos and great northerns outyielded the full season navy and black bean lines, the trend was reversed in 2005 with the highest yields in blacks followed by navies. All small-seeded nurseries were direct harvested in 2005 and all medium-seeded tests were rod pulled, but unlike 2004, when there was considerable seed loss due to small plant size and low pod location within the plant, the direct harvested plots generally outyielded the earlier season nurseries. 1.B. Breeding Methodologies Winter Nursery In 2005, 2,979 bean breeding lines from MI, NE, ND and USDA-ARS were advanced one generation in a winter nursery planted at Isabela, Puerto Rico. The winter nursery continues to be used to select and reduce the number of lines for testing in temperate growing regions the following summer. Coordination of molecular maps In OR, a molecular map for snap bean based on the recombinant inbred Minuette x OSU 5630 population now is 470 cM in size with 200 markers total (173 RAPD's, 24 SSR's, 1 EST, and 2 phenotypes) in 11 linkage groups. All linkage groups have been coordinated with the Phaseolus consensus map. Nineteen QTLs for pod and plant characteristics have also been placed on the map. Pollination biology The spindly branch male-sterile allele was transferred from 5-593 germplasm to dark and light red kidney lines at CA-R. A field experiment, planted in early September, determined no natural cross-pollination among White Kidney and 5-593 sb/sb, and Linden and sb/sb. Sb/Sb and Sb/sb plants flowered first, with sb/sb plants remaining small and flowering at least two weeks later. Genes and genetic markers Nineteen QTLs for pod and plant characteristics have been placed on the molecular map for snap bean based on the recombinant inbred population Minuette x OSU 5630. 1.C. Genetic Diversity Germplasm conversion The conversion program in PR (ARS) is focused on genotypes harboring specific traits of interest acquired from tropical germplasm. The following genotypes are currently in the conversion program: G19833, G19839, G21212, Negro San Luis and Cargamanto. These genotypes have been crossed to several market classes, represented by Redhawk, Cardinal, Matterhorn, Othello, and Black Rhino, for the introgression of photoperiod insensitivity and determinacy. Interspecific crossing Three bean germplasm lines derived from interspecific crosses and representing a unique source of resistance to BGYMV were released in collaboration between PR (UPRM) and USDA-ARS. Bean transformation Preliminary studies on bean transformation have been completed in MI (East Lansing) based on electrotransformation techniques. Interspecific transfer In NY (Geneva), CMV resistant plants were identified in breeding lines developed from interspecific crosses with two P. coccineus accessions. Combinations of materials from these two populations have enhanced the genetic resistance to CMV. Wide crosses In NE, wild, weedy and landrace P. vulgaris and species such as P. coccineus will be tested for resistance to pathogens causing rust, web blight/root rot and white mold. Crosses with adapted beans such as ICA Pijao will allow progeny testing to determine inheritance. Recombinant inbred lines will be used to find molecular markers for the resistance traits. In MI two inbred backcross black bean populations derived from landrace and wild parents were evaluated in the field to assess the level of white mold resistance in the two exotic parents. 2. Identification of mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions leading to efficient, environmentally- safe, and economical disease control methods. 2.A. Viral diseases Bean Common Mosaic Virus At WA (ARS) the bc-3 gene for resistance to BCMV and BCMNV was implicated in resistance to ClYVV (Clover yellow vein virus). Presence of one recombinant actually indicates that a gene tightly linked with bc-3 confers the resistance to ClYVV. Bean Golden Mosaic Virus Bean golden mosaic virus. In PR (UPRM), white-seeded and pinto lines were selected that combine resistance to bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), bean common mosaic necrotic virus (BCMNV) and rust. Another group of white-seeded lines has resistance to BGYMV and resistance to common bacterial blight both in the leaves and the pods. Three bean germplasm lines, PR9771-3-2, PR0247-49 and PR0157-4-1, were released in collaboration with the USDA-ARS. The lines were derived from interspecific crosses and represent a unique source of resistance to BGYMV. Morales has become the most popular white-seeded bean cultivar in Puerto Rico. During the past year, > 7,000 lbs of bean seed of the white-seeded cultivars Morales was produced at the Isabela Substation. Other economically important bean-infecting begomoviruses. In Arizona, biolistic inoculation of hypocotyls from germinated seed was tested as an alternative to seeding and inoculating first trifoliolates for resistance screening of begomoviruses, and the former approach was found to be more efficient. This approach, together with scarification, resolved some of the problems associated with uneven seedling height (gene gun chamber is limited) due to asynchronous germination in some lines. Additional seed was requested from various collaborators to replace lots that did not germinate well or did not germinate at all. These lines are being increased in winter nurseries in Washington and Puerto Rico. Results of inoculations indicated that Red Kidney was very tolerant to Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) (S) infection (this might be similar to other Mesoamerican lines; this hypothesis is being tested). This result has been confirmed by PCR. Topcrop (Andean) is very susceptible to SLCV and Squash mild leaf curl virus (SMLCV), and this result also has been confirmed by PCR. SLCV and SMLCV are viruses from the Sonoran Desert; they and their closest relatives are distributed throughout Mesoamerica and are not known to occur in South America. Other conclusions from resistance screening experiments (two replications with 5-6 plants/rep and PCR assay to detect virus presence) include: (i) Porrillo Sintetico and Zacatecano are tolerant to BGYMV; some plants did not develop symptoms but were positive by PCR (new growth), and some plants also exhibited mild symptoms (positive by PCR); and (ii) All tests included Topcrop and Red Kidney as susceptible/tolerant-resistant controls from the two centers of bean diversification. Continued work (2006) will involve a comparative study using SLCV and BGMV-BZ to screen selected lines (above and collection), the latter virus which is from Brazil (Andean). The selected lines were prioritized to include those already identified with differential resistance to at least two other begomoviral species that also are classified in different phylogenetic clades. Other In PR, breeding line 04SH-8730 was found to be resistant to a local isolate of ashy stem blight. Through extensive surveys of WI snap bean production areas over the last several years, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were identified as important components in the complex with CMV as a major player. However, the role of clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) and unidentified viruses are not clearly understood. In 2005, in collaboration with Drs. Walt Stevenson and Craig Grau, UW-Madison, 15 (of the 23) PI accessions that were visually symptomless and ELISA negative (CMV) from the 402 PI accessions evaluated in 2004 were evaluated. Currently, there are 11 lines that were visually symptomless and ELISA negative that will be revaluated in a replicated greenhouse screen. In addition, all core accessions will be reevaluated in the greenhouse to confirm the 2004 and 2005 field results. 2.B. Bacterial Diseases In PR (UPRM), white-seeded lines previously screened in the field, greenhouse, and with molecular markers for CBB resistance were evaluated for release in replicated yield trials. In addition, pathogenic races among Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) isolates were identified based on differential foliage reactions that have been observed for certain Phaseolus vulgaris L. lines. Germplasm with common bacterial blight resistance was released, including ABCP-8 and USDK-CBB-15. WA (ARS) located the Pse-1 and Pse-4 genes for resistance to halo blight on linkage groups B4 and B10, respectively. They discovered that the Pse-2 gene in A43 host group differential conditions resistance to Races 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9. The Pse-2 gene was then tagged with a DNA marker and current work is focused on locating the gene on the core linkage map. In CO, epiphytic bacteria responsible for common bacterial blight were recovered from symptomless onion plants in fields cropped to dry bean the prior year, but not from fields cropped to a host other than dry bean. Close rotation of onion and dry bean may allow bacteria responsible for bacterial leaf blight of onion and those responsible for common bacterial blight of bean to persist epiphytically, and crop rotation schemes may need to be altered to reduce survival of these pathogens in onion and dry bean cropping systems. Bacterial wilt was confirmed in dry bean samples submitted to our laboratory by collaborating scientists in western Nebraska during 2004 to 2005 and collected from infected plants in some Colorado fields during 2005. Efforts are underway to confirm identification and conduct pathogenicity trials in the greenhouse. Future collaborative work will focus on gaining a better understanding of this resurgent pathogen and disease in western Nebraska and elsewhere in North America in recent years; as well evaluate cultivars and germplasm for effective sources of genetic resistance. 2.C. Fungal diseases Anthracnose Anthracnose was not a major production problem in the U.S. in 2005. A new race, race 9, was detected in Michigan in black beans. The race, however, is a less virulent form of the more common race 73 reported in Michigan and North Dakota. The race does defeat the Co-2 gene but can be easily controlled by those genes being deployed to control race 73. Progress has been made incorporating the broadly based resistance gene Co-42 gene into black beans and upright pinto bean germplasm. Previously the gene was only available in late maturing vine pinto and non adapted tropical black bean germplasm. Stem and Root Rots In PR (ARS), several root rot trials were conducted in collaboration with PR (UPRM) and MI. Several promising black bean lines (UPRM) have shown good root rot resistance, yield, and architecture. Under field and controlled conditions, 11 dry bean varieties were tested for root rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli) resistance in ND using three different methods. VAX 3, T 39, and Eclipse showed the highest levels of resistance. In CO, plant disease evaluations continued to focus on identifying sources of resistance to priority pathogens and their diseases, including Fusarium wilt, rust, common bacterial blight, and white mold under greenhouse and/or field conditions. White Mold In NY (Geneva) white mold resistant breeding lines were developed for 3 market classes (snap beans, kidney beans and black beans) two of which were incorporated in the W-150 national white mold trials in 2002-2004 (Cornell 501 and Cornell 601), and four new lines that were released in 2005 (Cornell 603 (dark red kidney), Cornell 604 (black bean), Cornell 605 (light red kidney) and Cornell 606 (black bean)). WA (ARS) has released USPT-WM-1, a germplasm line (formerly AN-37), the first pinto bean developed with enhanced resistance to white mold disease. In NE, Sclorotinia sclerotiorum, mycelial compatibility grouping, virulence, ribosomal DNA polymorphism, and microsatellites will be used to determine pathogen variation in the U.S. and compare the data with that generated in Nebraska. This will determine if multiple isolates will be needed to screen for resistance. A new screening method for virulence will be tested in collaboration with scientists in Canada. Potential resistant germplasm and breeding lines will be subjected to a multi-state greenhouse and field testing for identification of dependable white mold resistance. ID and CA report recent greenhouse screening for white mold resistance has utilized a straw test method to assess the physiological resistance of germplasm (Petzoldt and Dickson, 1996). Using this protocol, differentiation of germplasm has been ineffective for lines with intermediate levels of resistance and between lines with similar levels of physiological resistance. This justified further refinement of the rating scale for the same method of inoculation (cut-stem and cut-branch methods) (Terán et al., in press). The modified scale facilitates better separation between resistant and intermediate and between intermediate and susceptible germplasm. This separation is demonstrated for many of the best sources of white mold resistance. Using the modified rating scale, accessions that were intermediate such as A 195, NY 6020-4, and 92 BG7, are now classified as resistant and better distinguished from intermediate and susceptible genotypes. This modified scale will aid in germplasm selection to further direct white mold resistance improvement in common bean. The objective of the green bean breeding project in OR is to develop bush blue lake types with improved growth habit and white mold resistance. To date, the best resistance in a snap bean background comes from the Cornell release NY 6020. The presence of a QTL associated with resistance in this germplasm line was verified in resistant breeding lines using molecular markers linked to resistance. A second set of material developed through the backcross inbred method using several resistant dry bean lines as donors of white mold resistance were further selected for resistance. Some lines appear to have promising levels of resistance and possess suitable green bean characters. Resistance to white mold found in P. coccineus has been incorporated into common bean using a backcross inbred scheme. BC2F2 and BC2F4 populations have been tested in the greenhouse and field for resistance to white mold, and DNA has been collected for mapping studies. Six QTL for white mold resistance were identified in the Raven/I9365-31 RIL population in WA (ARS). Four of the QTL detected in the field were associated with disease avoidance traits. Two QTL for physiological resistance as detected by the straw test were stably expressed across five different tests. Two existing QTL for white mold on B7 (G122 source) and B8 (NY6020-4 source) were successfully backcrossed into pinto bean and the latter also into Matterhorn great northern. Advanced lines from these backcrosses will be tested for white mold in field trials in 2006. Research efforts focused on the introgression of genes for resistance to white mold into adapted pinto germplasm in CO. It was determined that a QTL for resistance from Andean common bean G-122 confers partial resistance in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Mapping studies have detected four additional loci that are responsible for resistance to white mold and that will be used to screen for resistance in related populations. The first backcross to introgress genes that combine resistance from G 122 with genes from the related species P. coccineus have been completed. A RIL from this backcross is being develop to assess the effect of pyramiding genes for the two species. Molecular markers will be used to determine which lines possess the QTLs for resistance. In MI, Quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with resistance to white mold in the field were identified in an recombinant inbred line population using multiple trait bulks that included disease severity index (DSI), yield and days to flower. QTL that accounted for 9.2% to 14.7% of the phenotypic variation for DSI were located on linkage groups B2, B5, B7 and B8 of the integrated bean map. In addition, QTL were detected for seed size and yield and agronomic traits associated with disease avoidance: days to maturity, days to flower, and lodging. Heritability estimates for DSI were moderate (0.41) and correlations with agronomic traits that included lodging (0.56**); architecture (0.35**), canopy height (-0.33**) and yield (-0.64**) support the importance of these traits in disease avoidance. Data from the current study provides breeders with critical information on which traits and genomic regions to target as part of an overall strategy to enhance resistance to white mold in common bean. Rust A pinto germplasm line with rust resistance and common bacterial blight resistance was released, ABCP-8. In addition, great northern lines with rust, BCM and BCMN virus resistance, Belmineb-RMR lines 8-13, were released. For the bean rust pathogen, a new set of bean host differentials, as well as molecular tools, will be used to study pathogen phenotype and genotype diversity and its co-evolution with the common bean. The CDBN was rated for rust in MD (ARS) and a number of highly resistant lines were identified. Information based on co-evolution of common bean with rust is being used to combine multiple and complementary resistance genes from the Middle American and Andean gene pools. Losses due to rust in Nebraska in recent years were estimated at > $8 million/year. Globally, losses are in the millions of dollars. Disease resistance is the least expensive management option, thus both large and small landholders will benefit from rust and web blight resistance based on knowledge of pathogen variability. Cultural practice modification is not effective and fungicides are expensive and can have negative effects on the environment. In CO, analysis of weather data during the last 20 years has revealed associations between rust outbreaks and temperature and rainfall patterns. Late-season outbreaks of common bean rust in southwestern Nebraska during 2005 will facilitate our forecast model validation efforts in the spring of 2006 with growers and crop consultants in relation to scouting calendars and the timing of more effective integrated pest management programs. Resistance-linked genetic markers The Pse-1 and Pse-4 genes for resistance to halo blight WA (ARS) were located on linkage groups B4 and B10, respectively in WA (ARS). The Pse-2 gene was then tagged with a DNA marker and current work is focused on locating the gene on the core linkage map. Other In CO, outreach efforts culminated in the release of the updated version of an international publication, Compendium of Bean Diseases, Second Edition, edited and written by many W-150 participants. Major revisions and updates to the 109 page compendium with 200 figures were made by 20 authors and editors, and will be of value to bean workers and growers nationwide, as well as internationally. In CO, a series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments demonstrated that the conventional fungicide, thiophanate methl, applied in 46 to 2337 liters of water per hectare, provided very good control (84 to 96%) of white mold, even after 5 days of incubation. A newer fungicide, boscalid, provided less control (39 to 93%) in this series of experiments with different gallonages, but still offers a lot of potential for enhanced fungicide management for fugure IPM programs on dry bean and other crops that are affected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Both fungicides were more efficacious when applied in 234 liters of water per hectare. These rates are typically associated with ground rig or low volume chemigation equipment; while rates less than 234 liters of water per hectare are typically associated with aerial equipment. Another series of experiments demonstrated that Topsin and Endura provided very good control of white mold, even after a simulated rain event of 0.635 mm and 5 days of incubation. Both fungicides provided 90 to 98% control when there was no simulated rain event post treatment regardless of the application gallonage. 3. Elucidate genetic controls for food quality and value-added components. 3.A. Food quality testing Eleven market classes of dry bean and cowpea were characterized in CO for their health benefits based on chemical assays and in-vivo activity. The results indicate that market classes differ in total phenolics and antioxidant capacity in laboratory analyses. White beans showed low levels in these assays as compared to colored beans. 3.B. Characterization of bean constituents, nutritional value, and reduction in flatulence potential. Ten market classes were analyzed in MD (USDA) for phenolic acids content. Ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid were detected in all market classes. Caffeic acid was only detected in two black bean varieties. Average phenolic acid content in the dry beans sampled was 31.2 mg/100g. In CA (UC Berkley), lunasin, a cancer preventive peptide, was found in cowpea (Vigna sinensis). In CO, using animal feeding studies, some market classes reduced incidence of mammary pathologies. 3.C. Characterization of bean storage, soaking and cooking quality. In NY (Ithaca and grower fields), in one to as many as 13 sites, canning quality analysis was conducted on 185 breeding lines and new varieties against industry standards in light red kidney, dark red kidney, black turtle soup and white kidney classes. In Michigan, Sedona pink bean was released based on a combination of favorable canning quality traits. The variety was compared directly with small red varieties as no commercial pink beans are currently grown in Michigan. Sedona was evaluated as equivalent in canning quality to current small red bean varieties, Merlot, Brooks and Rufus in seed integrity, color retention, seed consistency and texture. In canning trials, Sedona has been subjectively rated by a team of panelists as being above average in cooking quality. Sedona rated 5.4 on a scale of 1 to 7 where 7 is best and 4 is mid scale (neither acceptable nor unacceptable) compared to Merlot (4.8), Brooks (3.3) and Rufus (5.9). This evaluation is based upon whole bean integrity (no splitting or clumping); uniformity of size (uniform water uptake); color (no after darkening); clear brine (no starch extrusion into canning liquid). Data on hydration and drained weight ratios exhibited no differences between Sedona and the current commercial small red bean varieties. The texture of 61 g/100g was slightly lower than the values for the small red varieties that ranged from 72-93 kg/100g. Sedona could substitute for small red bean in a canned product.

Publications

Araya, C.M., A.T. Alleyne, J.R. Steadman, K.M. Eskridge and D.P. Coyne. 2004. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Uromyces appendiculatus from Phaseolus vulgaris in the Americas. Plant Disease 88:830-836. Asensio-S.-Manzanera, M.C., C. Asensio, and S.P. Singh. 2005. Introgressing resistance to bacterial and viral diseases from the Middle American to Andean common bean. Euphytica 143:223-228. Asensio-S.-Manzanera, M.C., C. Asensio, and S.P. Singh. 2005. Gamete selection for resistance to the common and halo bacterial blights in dry bean intergene pool populations. Crop Sci. 45: (in press). Beaver, J.S., C.G. Muñoz Perea, J.M. Osorno, F.H. Ferwerda, and P.N. Miklas. 2005. Registration of bean golden yellow mosaic virus resistant dry bean germplasm lines PR9771-3-2, PR0247-49, and PR0157-4-1. Crop Sci. 45:2126-2127. Blair, M.W., W. Pantoja, J.S. Beaver, J.C. Nin and E. Prophete. 2005. Genetic diversity of Caribbean common bean germplasm. Ann. Rep. of the Bean Improv. Coop. 48:12-13. Blair, M.W., J.C. Nin, E. Prophete, S.P. Singh, and J.S. Beaver. 2005. Registration of two bean golden yellow mosaic virus resistant red-mottled common bean germplasm lines. Crop Sci. 45: (in press). Brick, M.A., J.B. Ogg, and J.J. Johnson, H.F. Schwartz, and F. Judson. 2005. Registration of Grand Mesa Pinto Bean. Crop Sci. 45:413. Brick, M.A., Ogg, J.B., Schwartz, H.F., Johnson, J.J., Judson, F., and Singh, S.P. 2005. Release of CSU FW-1 and CSU FW-2 Fusarium wilt resistant pinto germplasm lines. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:197-198. Caixeta, E.T., A. Borém, and J.D. Kelly. 2005. Development of microsatellite markers based on BAC common bean clones. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 5(2):125-133. Chipps, T.J., B. Gilmore, J. Myers, H.U. Stotz. 2005. Evidence for oxalate insensitivity and oxalate oxidase in determining partial resistance of Phaseolus coccineus to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathology 95: 292-299. de Lumen BO. 2005. Lunasin: A Cancer-preventive Soy peptide. Nutr. Rev. 63:16-21. Durán, L., M.W. Blair, M.C. Giraldo, R. Macchiavelli, E. Prophete, J.C. Nin and J.S. Beaver. 2005. Morphological and molecular characterization of common bean landraces and cultivars from the Caribbean. Crop Sci. 45:1320-1328. Ender, M. and J.D. Kelly, 2005. Identification of QTL associated with white mold resistance in common bean. Crop Sci. 45:2482-2490. Ernest, E.G., M.J. Bassett, and J.D. Kelly. 2005. A spontaneous mutation at a seedcoat pattern locus in the dark red kidney bean, Red Hawk, which changes seed from self-colored to the partially colored virgarcus pattern. HortScience 40:57-59. Falconi, E. 2005. Identification of drought resistance in large seeded common bean genotypes. M.S. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI. 123pp. Gent, D.H., Lang, J.M., and Schwartz, H.F. 2005. Epiphytic survival of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii and X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli on leguminous hosts and onion. Plant Disease 89:558-564. González, N.A., F.H. Ferwerda, M. Alameda, J.C. Rosas and J.S. Beaver. 2005. Identification of new sources of resistance to web blight of common bean. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:130131. Griffiths, P. D. 2004. Breeding snap beans for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistance. HortScience 39(4):869. Hang, A.N. 2005. CDBN 2004 Report. http://www.prosser.wsu.edu/Faculty/Hang.htm Hang, A.N. 2005. Release of Quincy pinto dry edible bean. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:199-200. Hang, An N., M.J. Silbernagel, P.N. Miklas and G.L. Hosfield. 2005. Registration of Blush light red kidney dry bean. Crop Sci. 45:799. Hang, An N., M.J. Silbernagel, P.N. Miklas and G.L. Hosfield. 2005. Registration of Fiero, dark red kidney dry bean. Crop Sci. 45:799. Harveson, R.M., Vidaver, A.K., and Schwartz, H.F. 2005. Bacterial wilt of dry beans in western Nebraska. Univ. of Nebraska Neb Guide G05-1562-A, 3 pp. Harveson, R.M., Vidaver, A.K., and Schwartz, H.F. 2005. Reemergence of bacterial wilt of dry beans in the panhandle of Nebraska. APS Annual Meeting, Poster Presentation, Austin, TX Phytopathol. 95:S40 Hosfield, G.L. and An N. Hang. 2005. Registration of Claret small red dry bean. Crop Sci. 45:1663. Ibarra-Pérez, F.J., J. A. Acosta-Gallegos, B. Cazares-Enriquez, R. Rosales-Serna, and J.D. Kelly. 2005. Registration of Flor de Mayo 2000 common bean. Crop Sci. 45:2657. Kelly. J.D. 2005. Registration of Flor de Mayo 2000 common bean. Crop Sci. 45: 2657. Kelly, J.D., G.L. Hosfield, E.G. Ernest, M. Uebersax, G.V. Varner, and J. Taylor. 2005. Redcoat Soldier Bean. HortScience 40:263-264. Kelly, J.D., G.L. Hosfield, G.V. Varner, M.A. Uebersax, and J. Taylor. 2005. Registration of Condor black bean. Crop Sci. 45:795-796. Kelly, J.D., and V.A. Vallejo. 2005. QTL analysis of multigenic disease resistance in plant breeding. p. 21-48. In S. Tuzun and E. Bent (ed.) Multigenic and Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Springer, New York. Kusolwa, P.M., and J.R. Myers 2005. Interspecific hybridization between P. vulgaris and P. acutifolius to transfer bruchid resistance. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:28-29. Kusolwa, P.M., J.R. Myers and S. Nchimbi Msolla. 2005. Inheritance of a Novel Arcelin Like Protein in a Population of Cultivated Tepary Beans (Phaseolus acutifolius) and its Introgression into Common Bean (P. vulgaris). International Edible Legume Conference. Durban, South Africa, April. Larsen, R.C., P.N. Miklas, K.L. Druffel, and S.D. Wyatt. 2005. NL-3 K strain is a stable and occurring recombinant derived from Bean common mosaic necrosis virus and Bean common mosaic virus. Phytopathology 95:1037-1042. Lee, C.D., K.A. Renner, D. Penner, R. Hammerschmidt, and J.D. Kelly. 2005. Glyphosate-resistant soybean management system effect on sclerotinia stem root. Weed Technol.19:580-588. Lema, M., Teran, H., Otto, K., Schwartz, H.F., Miklas, P.N., and Singh, S.P. 2005. Recurrent selection for white mold resistance in dry bean. Poster Presentation at the 13th Int. Sclerotinia Workshop, June 12-16, 2005, Monterey, CA. Miklas, P.N., J.R. Smith, and S.P. Singh. 2005. Registration of common bacterial blight resistant dark red kidney bean germplasm line USDK-CBB-15. Crop Sci. 45: (in press). Mukeshimana, G., A. Pañeda, C. Rodriguez, J.J. Ferreira, R. Giraldez, and J.D. Kelly, 2005. Markers linked to the bc-3 gene conditioning resistance to bean common mosaic potyviruses in common bean. Euphytica 144:291-299. Mutlu, N., P.N. Miklas, J.R. Steadman, A.V. Vidaver, D. Lindgren, J Reiser, and M.A. Pastor-Corrales. 2005. Registration of pinto bean germplasm line ABCP-8 with resistance to common bacterial blight. Crop Sci. 45:806-807. Mutlu, N., P. Miklas, J. Reiser, and D. Coyne. 2005. Backcross breeding for improved resistance to common bacterial blight in pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Breeding 124:282-287. Park JH, Jeong HJ, de Lumen BO. Contents and bioactivities of Lunasin, BBI and isoflavones in soybean seed. 2005. Contents and bioactivities of lunasin, bowman-birk inhibitor, and isoflavones in soybean seed. J Agric Food Chem. 53:7686-90. Pastor-Corrales, M.A., J.R. Stavely, J.D. Kelly, J.R. Steadman, D.P.Coyne and D.T. Lindgren. 2005. Release of BELMINEB-RMR-8, -9, -10, -11, -12, and -13, erect, short vine, rust and mosaic resistant great northern bean germplasm lines. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:194-195. Rainey, K. M. and P. D. Griffiths. 2004. Utilization of tepary bean for improvement of heat tolerance in common bean. HortScience 39(4):868. Román-Avilés, B., and J.D. Kelly, 2005. Identification of quantitative trait loci conditioning resistance to Fusarium root rot in common bean. Crop Sci. 45:1881-1890. Schwartz, H.F. 2005. Compiled the White Mold Risk Index for Edible Bean - National Sclerotinia Initiative http://www.whitemoldresearch.com/html/newsdetails.cfm?ID=21 Schwartz, H.F., Brick, M.A., Otto, K., McMillan, M., and Ogg, B. 2005. Eco-tillage and fungicide management of white mold in dry edible bean. Poster Presentation at the 13th Int. Sclerotinia Workshop, June 12-16, 2005, Monterey, CA. Schwartz, H.F., and Gent, D.H. 2005. High Plains Integrated Pest Management Resource. On-line IPM bulletin with 22 major crops and multiple disease and insect pests. Updated disease reviews, IPM and pesticide recommendations for all 22 crop sections, with a total of 230 disease profiles. www.highplainsipm.ord Schwartz, H.F., Steadman, J.R., Hall, R., and Forster, R.L. 2005. Compendium of Bean Diseases, 2nd Ed., APS Press, St. Paul, MN 150 pp. Singh, S.P. 2005. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). p.11-48. In R.J. Singh and P.P. Jauhar (eds) Genetic Resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement. Grain Legumes Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Smith, J.R., S.J. Park, P.N. Miklas, and C.H. Canaday. 2005. Registration of TARS-PT03-1 inter-racial multiple disease-resistant dry bean germplasm. Crop Sci. 45:1669-1670. Steadman, J.R., L.K. Otto-Hanson and K. Powers. 2005. Identification of partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean at multiple locations in 2004. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:124-125. Steadman, J.R., Otto-Hanson, L.K., Powers, K., Kurowski, C., Mainz, R., Kelly, J., Griffiths, P., Grafton, K., Myers, J., Miklas, P., Schwartz, H., Singh, S., and Applear, A. 2005. Identification of partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean at multiple locations in 2004. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:124-125. Takegami, J.C., J.S. Beaver, G. Godoy-Lutz, R. Echávaz-Badel and J.R. Steadman. 2004. Inheritance of web blight resistance in common bean. J. of Agric. of the Univ. of Puerto Rico. 88:45-54. Teran, H., Singh, S.P., Schwartz, H.F., Otto, and Miklas, P.N. 2005. Progress in introgressing white mold resistance from the secondary gene pool of dry bean. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:126-127. Vallejo, V. 2005. Dissection of R-gene mediated anthracnose resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris. Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI. 119pp. Vandemark, G. J., and P. N. Miklas. 2005. Genotyping common bean for the potyvirus resistance alleles I and bc-12 with a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Phytopathology 95:499-505. Zapata, M. and J.S. Beaver. 2005. Differential leaf reaction of common bean lines to pathogenic races of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli from Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Puerto Rico. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 48:102-103.

Impact Statements

The increase in farmgate revenue in 2005 to growers who planted Merlot vs other small red varieties was $2.16 million.
The adoption of new bean varieties have contributed in part to the 10% in increase in yield observed over the five year period (1999-2005).
Several new bean germplasm lines have been developed with increased disease resistance, a key objective for increasing common bean quality and production in the U.S.
The green bean processing industry produces product valued at around $20 million on about 18,000 acres.
The main U.S. market classes of dry bean were characterized for their health benefits. In addition, using animal feeding studies, some common bean market classes were found to reduce the incidence of mammary pathologies.