Annual/Termination Reports:

[03/20/2012] [01/18/2013] [12/20/2013] [02/15/2015]

Report Information

Participants

Patricia Allen rats@ucsc.edu University of California Santa Cruz, Karen M. Chapman-Novakofski kmc@illinois.edu, University of Illinois; Ardyth H. Gillespie ahg2@cornell.edu, Cornell University, Phil Howard howardp@msu.edu, Michigan State University, Christine Coker ccoker@ra.msstate.edu, Mississippi State University, Stephanie Paige Parker steph.parker@okstate.edu, Oklahoma State University, James S Rikoon rikoosandy@missouri.edu, U of Missouri, Gerad Middendorf middendo@ksu.edu, Kansas State University, CY Wang Cy.Wang@sdstate.edu, South Dakota State University, Virginie M Zoumenou vmzoumenou@umes.edu, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Leigh Gantner lgantner@syr.edu, Syracuse University, Chery Smith csmith@umn.edu, University of Minnesota, Alex McIntosh w-mcintosh@tamu.edu, Texas A&M University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Members of the NC 1196 Regional project met with various USDA personnel to discuss possible research proposals that might be submitted to USDA and to learn more about USDA's research priorities. On the afternoon of that same day, the group met with various NIH personnel to discuss potential research topics and to learn more about NIH priorities.

On the second day of the meeting, project members began to outline ideas for proposals that could be worked on in the coming year. A discussion of participation in a poverty workshop that would be connected with food insecurity was agreed upon. New officers were chosen and the group agreed to hold next year's regional project meeting at the University of Missouri.

Accomplishments

Publications

Adedze P, Chapman-Novakofski K, Witz K, Orr R, Donovan S. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about nutrition and childhood overweight among WIC participants. Family and Consumer Health 34(4):301-310, 2011.<br /> <br /> Howard, Philip H., Margaret Fitzpatrick & Brian Fulfrost. 2011.<br /> Proximity of Food Retailers to Schools and Rates of Overweight Ninth Grade Students: An Ecological Study in California. BMC Public Health 11:68.<br /> <br /> McIntosh, Wm Alex, Karen S. Kubena, Glen Tolle*, Wesley Dean, and Jenna Anding. 2011. Determinants of Time Children Spend Eating at Fast Food and Sit-Down Restaurants  Further Explorations. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 43(3): 142-149.<br /> <br /> Dean, Wesley R., William Alex McIntosh, H. Morgan Scott, and Kary Barling. 2011. The Role of Trust and Moral Obligation in Beef Cattle Feedlot Veterinarians' Contingent Adoption of Antibiotic Metaphylaxis Recommendations. International Journal of International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food. 18(2):104-120.<br /> <br /> Zhang, Li and Wm. Alex McIntosh. 2011. "Childrens Weight Status and Maternal and Paternal Feeding Practices." Journal of Child Health Care 15(4):389-400.<br /> <br /> Feenstra, G., P. Allen, J. Ohmart, and J. Perez. 2011. Using a Supply Chain Analysis to Assess the Sustainability of Farm-to-Institution Programs." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 1(4): 69-84.<br /> <br /> Smith C, Miller H. Food Systems in Urban and Rural Minnesotan Communities. J Nutr Edu Behav. 2011;43:492-504.<br /> <br /> Dammann KW, Smith C. Food-related environmental, behavioral, and personal factors associated with body mass index among urban, low-income African American, American Indian, and Caucasian women. Am J Health Promotion. 2011;25(6):e1-e10.<br /> <br /> Mulasi-Pokhriyal U*, Smith C. Investigating Health and Diabetes Perceptions among Hmong American children, 9-18 years of age. J Immigrant Minority Health, 2011; 13 (3):470-477. <br /> <br /> Selfa, Theresa, Laszlo Kulcsár, Carmen Bain, Richard Goe and Gerad Middendorf. 2011. Biofuels Bonanza? Exploring Community Perceptions of the Promises and Perils of Biofuels Production. Biomass and Bioenergy 35(4): 1379-1389.

Impact Statements

1. as a new project there are none

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Report Information

Participants

Patricia Allen - University of California Santa Cruz; Alex McIntosh - Texas A&M University; Gerad Middendorf - Kansas State University; Sandy Rikoon - University of Missouri; Chery Smith - University of Minnesota; C.Y. Wang - University of South Dakota.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Part of the meeting was devoted to a symposium "Food Insecurity: Assessing Disparities, Consequences, and Policies" that took place.
" CY comments: thanks Sandy for hosting. Good symposium. Does the group need new people? AES is investing resources in these multi-state projects to (a) reduce duplication, (b) encourage collaboration, especially interdisciplinary collaboration. Good show case for interdisciplinary work. Food and healthcritical issue. 14 AES stations currently listed, but necessarily involved. CY says group could be bigger. We could recruit new members, especially from other land grants. Reduce duplication, push science forward, and return in investment. 60 day deadline to turn in report. Official and unofficial ways to recruit new members.
" Cindy: no Hatch funds to invite more people to project. However, you could write AFRI grant and include funds for community leaders to invite them to participate in project.
" Patricia: thanks Sandy for great symposium.
" Sandy: has been working on the symposium, also a large AFRI project, food security related AFRI project. Holistic approach, including interventions, food pantry clients, infrastructure, etc. Has raised awareness in the College of Ag regarding Food insecurity issues. Lot of client households either are or were gardeners. Looking at local food production by pantries. As a result, MU will have its first food policy position.
" Patricia: moving from UC Santa Cruz to Marylhurst University. Small private liberal arts college near Portland. Will be starting up a Masters program in food studies. Hybrid program, will focus on intersection between theory and practice. Finishing up other research on food localization. Qualitative study on food system labor. How it continues to be a system that is rigidly organized around race, class, gender, citizenship. Working on food justice issues.
" Darcy: works with SC State, which is a land grant, working in food security in rural SC.
" Virginie: project with Headstart children, trying to introduce fresh foods and healthy lifestyles to children. Uses stories, visual tools, high tunnels. Children do planting, etc. Also doing some work in Ghana.
" Alex: continued to analyze parent and child time data, focusing on food consumption at home and away from home, on weekends and weekdays, by combinations of various family members; wrote a proposal with Virginie on the shared experience of food insecurity by mothers and children from the same household. The proposal was submitted to USDA but was not funded.
" Natural Resources at MU. Documenting efforts like this at MU.
" Cindy Reeves: National program leader at NIFA. She is our liaison. Hopes to be more involved in the coming year. Has received Hatch proposals. As we move forward, we need to send updated IRB approvals. Looking forward to the annual report. With Sonny Ramaswamy, he has understanding of the land grant system. Wants to see more social and behavioral sciences in all funding requests that come in. Can take a proactive role in adjusting program priorities in AFRI. S-COP group went through RFAs, and looked at how to include social sciences. Need to look at the new foundational RFA that was just released. Ag Econ and rural communities.
" Need to look at the RFA? What area or areas are of interest?

Contributions:
" Concentration of experience in food insecurity
" Broader examinations of food systems
" Intersection of analysis and action
" Translation of research
" Smart outliers
" Citizen science (e.g., photovoice, video, narrative, insider/outsider voices, etc.)
" LaDonna: witnesses to hunger. In her work, the farm workers and laborers have an issue with immigration status, so they are reluctant to say about their work conditions, if they were equipped with cameras, we would be able to see what they see. This would help her work at IATP
" How food system impacts workers and creates health disparities and how they can be reduced/eliminated.
" CY: where to fund this kind of work? Private foundations, non-profits, etc. would allow to combine
" Cindy: AFRI: research, teaching, extension. This is the trend. Integrated project, multi-state, comprehensive. Must have strong components in two of three. Look at allocation of emphasis
" Strength in the Teaching/training of students
" Integrated project of graduate education
" E-extension
" Community commons at MU. Taking 20yrs of data and make it available more widely. The more people use it, the more useful it becomes.
" Practice-based evidence: becoming more common. A bottom up model for evidence. What are people doing in communities that seem to be working to promote change? Taking exemplars in our areas (e.g., Roberts group in Tucson). Without funding? Maybe one exemplar in each area. What does success look like? How is it measured? Maybe small pilots. Pairing our students with placements in the field. Food systems methodology.
" (New theory, new method). Could each person in the group write up exemplar in their areas?
" Research question: What theories at the local level are driving the local community food security work?
" What should we learn from the pilot study? What is the exemplar? How to sample?
" Service learning: can we use service learning programs as a way to involve students in this project. The students in SC are paired with a CBO to do program evaluation. Integrate leadership theory. Students should be able to help NGOs advance their mission.

Future of the project

" We want to (and will) invite new people. Several of the presenters at the workshop appear to be people who might be interested in joining us.
" Get issues of Journal of Rural Social Science. Explore the possibility of putting together a special issue (Gerad)
" Also follow up on the idea of having a section in edited volume on Comm Food Security (Gerad)
" AFRI: Nov 15 is deadline for letter of intent. This is the foundational grant. Deadline for full proposal is Feb 23 (We need to pull together the various relevant RFAs and related deadlines (Virginie?)
" Ag Econ and Community Development: this was the focus of an AFRI?
" Ask Ardy (or Virginie) to review NIFA RFAs, and send group info about deadlines, etc.

Accomplishments

The symposium while sponsored by the University of Missouri was planned by one of the project members and several of the project members made presentations at the event. Groups members contributed to discussions that took place during in break-out sessions. <br /> <br /> Plans for the coming year include inviting additional faculty members located at Land Grant universities to join our project. Resubmit a proposal about methods by which family members communicate their perceptions of their families' food insecurity and methods of coping with this insecurity submitted to USDA last year will be resubmitted, possibly to NIH. Continue our search for a journal interested in allowing us space for a special issue regarding local food and local health.

Publications

Jackson, T., Parker, S., Hermann, J., Miracle, S., & Briley, C. (2012). Understanding Native American Women's Views of Physical Activity to Inform Family-Based Program Development. Journal of Extension, [On-line], 50(4) Article 4TOT7. Available at: http://www.joe.org/joe/2012august/tt7.php<br /> <br /> Howard, Phil. 2012. Whos Eating Who in Organic Food? Common Ground, Issue 249 (April), 12-13.<br /> <br /> Howard, Philip H. 2012. Increasing Community Participation with Self-Organizing Meeting Processes. Journal of Rural Social Sciences 27(2), 118-136. <br /> <br /> Jaffee, Daniel & Phil Howard. 2012. Visualizing Fair Trade Coffee. For a Better World, Issue 4 (Spring), 8-9. <br /> <br /> Delgado, Amy, Bo Norby, Wesley Dean, W. Alex McIntosh and H. Morgan Scott. 2012. Utilizing qualitative methods in survey design: Examining Texas cattle producers´ intent to participate in foot-and-mouth disease detection and control. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 103(2-3).<br /> <br /> Jan, Jie-sheng, William A. McIntosh, Wesley Dean, and H. Morgan Scott. 2012. Determinants of the Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 106:24-33.<br /> <br /> Fajt, Virginia, H. Morgan Scott, W. Alex McIntosh, Wesley Dean, and Virginia Vincent. 2012. Survey of instructors teaching about antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary professional curriculum in the United States. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. On-line version currently available. <br />

Impact Statements

1. In the Cooking Together for Family Meals, participants reported changes in knowledge and skills and in eating routines. Some described these in terms of increased knowledge about vegetables and increased confidence in letting children assist with dinner preparation.
2. In the "Go, Eat, Grow" project, children in the pilot phase increased their liking and eating of vegetables. Schools successfully grew vegetables, harvested those vegetables, and had children eat these vegetables in their classrooms. Parents of these children reported their children were making requests for more vegetables to be purchased for home consumption.

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Report Information

Participants

Gillespie, Ardyth (ahg2@cornell.edu) Cornell University; Rikoon, James (RikoonSandy@missouri.edu) University of Missouri; Middendorf, Gerad (middendo@k-state.edu; Smith, Chery (csmith@umn.ed) University of Minnesota; Zoumenou, Virginie (vmzoumenou@umes.edu); Hendrickson, Mary (HendricksonM@missouri.edu; Hatsu, Irene (hatsu.1@osu.edu) Ohio State University; Hadlock, Lindsay (lindsay.hadlock@sdstate.edu) South Dakota State University; Wang, C Y (cy.wang@sdstate.edu) South Dakota State; Reeves, Cynthia (creeves@nifa.usda.gov) NIFA USDA (participated via conference call)

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting was held in the Q Hotel and Spa in Kansas City, MO from November 14-15th. Hosted by Gerad Middendorf.
The meeting began with a welcome to KC statement and a brief overview of the agenda for the next 2 days. Our USDA project advisor provided comments regarding the importance of having an annual reports filled with accomplishments and encouraged us to get off our duffs and make info available to yours truly. He also emphasized the importance of getting funding for group research projects, reminding us that there are foundations that might support our work. Several of us will be looking into this (Virginie and Alex). Cindy Reeves then spoke of us via conference call. Spoke a little about funding opportunities but unit the farm bill is passed, it is difficult for us to know what the resources are. However, she suggested last years RFAs and their due dates and assume they will the same this year. Noted that if we wait till official announcements come out, we will only have a month to submit something. [As we are a multistate project, we need more time to jointly produce a proposal and get it vetted through each of our respective offices that deal with external research.] Cindy did mention something about behavioral research. A joint effort between the rural development centers and SAMHSA.
Next was the annual ritual of sharing the activities and achievements of members of the group over the past year. 1. Mar Hendrickson U of Missouri, Rural Sociology and Extension. Spoke about recent findings regarding food access between those who shop for local food and those who shop for foods based on convenience. Hard to distinguish between these two groups. Found that some people were getting their food from friends and neighbors; others were buying foods sold by co-workers (e.g. , eggs). Recent arrivals in a community do not have a network established in their new area of residence. She also found a distinction between rural and urban shoppers: urban shoppers were motivated by health and a sense of community. Rural shoppers were more individualistic. See her website Food Circles Networking Project: Connecting Farmers, Consumers, and Communities.
Chery Smith. Ongoing project involves children taking pictures of their food environment. One example are photos of the inside of refrigerators at home. Studying food insecurity among the Hmong in the Twin Cities. Also interested in ascertaining the difference between lean/normal weight youth versus those who are overweight who live in the same food environment. The research question deals with why one group in obese and the other is not. One finding is that children from the obese group are more likely to be emotional eaters (e.g., driven to eat because are happy, are sad). The lean/normal kids were found to be more knowledgeable about food and the health. Also looking at Chinese migrants within China and their food access.
Lindsay Hadlock. Extension South Dakota State U. Working with 4 food policy councils in 6 states. Intervention designed to help them become better planners. Food pantry choice across all food groups.
Ardy Gillespie. Talks about potential research. Family decision making. Mentions that she continues to work in this area. Building capacity for decision making. Emphasizes collaborative work and a book chapter she has written about this.
Virginie Zoumenou. Discussion of her pre-school project that deals with teaching children about healthy food. Children learn and share. Uses stories to get across ideas. The stories deal with heal and are accompanied with visuals. Children learn the names of vegetables. Stories are also used to write songs that deal with things such as consuming too much soda, salt, etc. Parents visit the classroom once a month. Gardening takes place as well with the assistance of a master gardener and a local farmer. The children eat lunch with their respective teachers; the effect of this varies by teacher. The part of the study involves measurement of plate waste. Recent data indicate that children like straw berries, clementine, broccoli, and corn. Consumption of these has increased; now above the guidelines. Will next expand the study to parents with an interest in what impacts childrens request for specific foods has on parents procuring those foods. Also discusses the importance of expanding the present intervention/research into rural areas.
Sandy Rikoon listed a number of accomplishments.
With apologies I got distracted and have no notes on the remaining group members activities for the past year. So much for multitasking.
Election of officers. Since our bylaws call for two-year terms, there were no elections.
Site of next years meeting: Several suggestion were made including the University of Illinois, Iowa State, and the University of Oklahoma. This was not finalized.
Guest Speaker: Taryn Gliden from the Harvest organization. Works on the nutrition and pantry side of the organization. Teaches at food pantries about how to prepare food in 2-hour blocks. This includes preparing both meat and vegetables. Also promotes Project Strength: physical activity and health eating away from home.
Participants are asked to set goals for each week. Incentives of a free bag of groceries. 85% retention in the programs. Usually 10-20 people in attendance. Also have trained educators from the community.
Kids in the Kitchen for children 5-18 years of age. Use a cookbook designed for children; taught during classes as well as after school.
Health Ambassadors: goal  receive > 150,000 pounds of vegetables. Need this to have enough in order to teach people how to prepare vegetables. Nutrition department provides recipes, demos, storing, etc. at the pantries. Do tastings in the pantry waiting room. Makes them more willing to eat things like brown rice.
www.harvester.org
Notes that they partner with Beans and Greens. See KC Community Gardens website and partner with Back Snack; Kids Café. Classes at soup kitchens; have persuaded local chefs to teach things like how to use a knife in the kitchen.
We then discussed future projects. It was mentioned that McIntosh, smith and Zoumou plan to submit a proposal that was turned down several years ago. We will probably revise and expand this proposal. A second idea was put forward with the idea of studying food pantries. It was noted we know a lot about food banks but less about the organizational structure and functioning of pantries. Would also examine leadership variables. Suggestion that this research be done using focus groups. Each state rep could collect data from their state, using a common instrument, and then pool the results. Other members of the group wanted to include participants in terms of the stress they experience because they have to sue a food pantry. Concerns about the impact on child development.
Part of the reasoning for studying these organizations is because unlike many food banks, pantries rarely have a plan. We could help them develop plans and perhaps persuade more of them to provide nutrition lessons.
Second day of the meeting
Field trips were taken to community gardens. We then discussed where to hold next years meetings. Several sites were mentioned as possibilities including Iowa State University. New officers were not chosen as our by-laws call for 2 years of service in these positions. The current officers are only half-way through their terms.
We then returned to the discussion of our contemplated Pantry Study.
Again organizational structure mentioned as was ideology. 2. Delivery, capacity, infrastructure: e.g., refrigerators. This should be quantitative data. 3. Health and well-being of clients (qualitative).
Part of the reasoning for studying these organizations is because unlike many food banks, pantries rarely have a plan. We could help them develop plans and perhaps persuade more of them to provide nutrition lessons. Sandy Rikoon and Alex McIntosh volunteered to review the literature on pantries and related topics.

Accomplishments

Short-term Outcomes: The "Texas Grow, Eat, Go" project funded by USDA-NIFA, exposed 734 3rd grade students in 16 elementary schools located in 4 regions of Texas to the Junior Master Gardener curriculum. Developing school gardens was part of the curriculum. The results of exposure to the lessons and creating the school garden include a significant increase in vegetable consumption, decline in time spend watching television and playing video games. In some schools there were slight but significant declines in body mass index scores. <br /> <br /> The "Food Systems Approaches to Addressing Obesity Among Food Pantry Clients in Missouri" project (USDA-AFRI) identified lack of availability of fruits and vegetables in food pantries found in Missouri. <br /> <br /> Produced the Missouri Hunger Atlas, which provides important information to the Missouri legislature on food insecurity and the relative performance of public and private programs the deal with hunger in the state. <br />

Publications

Thomas, L & WA McIntosh. 2013. It Just Tastes Better When Its in Season. Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition 8(1):61-72. <br /> Howard, P & D Jaffee. 2013. Tensions between firm size and sustainability goals: Fair trade coffee in the United States, Sustainability 5(1):72-89.<br /> Rickelle, R & C. Smith. 2013. Correlates of energy intake and body mass intake of homeless children in Minnesota. Childhood Obesity 9(3):240-251.<br /> Rustad, C. & C. Smith. 2013. A short-term nutrition intervention utilizing education on a comprehensive array of nutrition and health topics favorably changes knowledge and behavior in low-income women. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 45(6):490-498.<br /> Gillespie, Ardyth M.H. and Guan-Jen Sung. 2013. Enhancing Interdisciplinary Communication: Collaborative Engaged Research on Food Systems for Health and Well-Being, in Enhancing Communication and Collaboration in Interdisciplinary Research. . Editors, Michael O'Rourke, Stephen Crowley, Sanford D. Eigenbrode, and J. D. Wulfhorst, Sage publications.<br /> Vancil, A., S. Rikoon, M. Foulkes, C. Heflin, J. Hermsen, and N. Raedeke. Regional Profile of Missouri Food Pantry Clients and Households. Truman Policy Research Report 04-2013. Columbia, MO: Institute of Public Policy, Harry S Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, 2013.<br /> Rikoon, J., Foulkes, M., Hermsen, J., and Raedeke, M. A Food Systems Approach to Addressing Obesity among Food Pantry Clients in Missouri. USDA/NIFA Project Directors Workshop, Human Nutrition and Obesity Program, Proceedings, pp. 92-95. Washington, DC: USDA, 2013.<br /> Cafer, A., Dawdy, J., M. Foulkes, C. Heflin, J. Hermsen, J. Lucht, N. Raedeke, and J.S. Rikoon. 2013 Missouri Hunger Atlas. Columbia, MO: Interdisciplinary Center for Food Security, 2013. Also available at: http://foodsecurity.missouri.edu) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. Objective 1 of this project is to identify determinants of local health and well-being within the context of food systems. This goal was partially achieved in Missouri by the publication of the 3rd edition of the Missouri Hunger Atlas and the publication of the Regional Profile of Missouri Food Pantry Clients and Households.
2. Objective 1 was paritally achieved through the "Grow, Eat, Go" project in Texas through data collection from over 800 3rd-grade children and their parents regarding the lack of familiarity with vegetables and the lack of their availability in the household.
3. Objective 2 of this project deals with the assessment of strategies that address constraints and opportunities to achieve optimal health and well-being. This was addressed in Michigan by identifying firm size of fair trade coffee companies as a constraint on a firms ability to achieve its sustainability goals.
4. Objective 2 was also partially achieved in Texas through the identification of lack of vegetable preparation skills in the households inhabited by 3rd graders.
5. Objective 3 focuses on identifying communities of interests to develop and test interventions to enhance health and well-being. This was partially achieved in Missouri through the 1) connection made between community gardens and food pantries and 2) the "Seeds that Feed" program that distributes vegetable seeds to food pantry clients and provides training in how to grow these vegetables.
6. Objective 3 was also partially achieved in Texas through the 1) teaching of a horticulture-nutrition curriculum in 3rd grade science classes, 2) the construction of school vegetable gardens, and 3) the harvesting and preparation of vegetables produce in those gardens so that the 3rd graders could taste those vegetables. Follow-up data indicate that 3rd graders are now more familiar with vegetables and like vegetables more.

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Report Information

Participants

Sandy Rakoon ( ) - University of Missouri; Virginie Zoumou ( ) - University of Maryland; Stephanie Parker ( ) - Oklahoma State University; Ardyth Gillespie ( ) - Cornell University; Gerad Middendorf ( ) - Kansas State University; Irene Hatsu ( ) - Ohio State University; Alex McIntosh (w-mcintosh@tamu.edu) - Texas A&M University;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Short-term outcomes: 1. 246 new households completed participation in Grow Well Missouri program of seed exchange, gardening education, and equipment sharing; among documented results from 2014 growing season is 51% added new vegetable or fruit to gardens, 48% increased freezing of produce; 38% increased canning of produce; 97% shared produce with neighbors and family. 2. In Maryland, “Head Start Preschoolers Jumstart a Healthy lifestyle-A holistic Approach”, a childhood obesity project reached 300 children in the Tri-County Area of the Lower Eastern Shore of Maryland. The installation of solar panel makes the outdoor gardening a year round activity for the children. Four experts (a sociologist, an anthropologist, a family science expert, and a psychologist) conducted an in-depth assessment of the caregivers’ understanding of obesity during their own life course. The results show a variety of themes related to culture, finance, family issues etc. An analysis of these results is being conducted to understand the caregivers’ food decision making process and better fight against childhood obesity in the Tri-County Area of the Lower Eastern Shore of Maryland. 3. The Texas Grow Eat Go continued reaching new schools in Central Texas with classroom lessons regarding both growing and eating vegetables. Nearly 1,000 3rd and fourth graders have been reached over the past three years.

Publications

1. Song HJ*, Grutzmacher SK, Kostenko J. Personal weight status classification and health literacy among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants. Journal of Community Health, 2014, 39: 445-453. 2. Steiner, J. L., Engle, D. M., Xiao, X., Saleh, A., Tomlinson, P., Rice, C. W., Cole, N. A., Coleman, S. W., Osei, E., Basara, J., Middendorf, G., Gowda, P., Todd, R., Moffet, C., Anandhi, A., Starks, P. J., Ocshner, T., Reuter, R. and Devlin, D. 2014. “Knowledge and tools to enhance resilience of beef grazing systems for sustainable animal protein production.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1328: 10–17. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12572. 3. Getter, Kristen L., Bridget K. Behe, David S. Conner & Philip H. Howard. 2014. Pasture-Raised Milk: The Market for a Differentiated Product. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 20(2), 146-161. 4. Heidelberger L, Smith C. A Child’s Viewpoint: Determinants of food choice and definition of health in low-income 8-13year old children in Urban Minnesota Communities. J Hunger Environmental Nutrition, 2014, 9:388-408.

Impact Statements

1. Objective 1 of this project is to identify determinants of local health and well-being within the context of food systems. Project members continued to identify determinants of local health by collecting data on changes in children?s fruit and vegetable consumption in Maryland and Texas, identifying food affordability gaps in Missouri, identifying rural communities that have lost grocery stores in Kansas, identifying trends in economic concentration in agriculture on a global scale, and identifying cooking skills needs in Minnesota.
2. Objective 2 deals with assessing strategies that address constraints and opportunities to achieve optimal health. In Missouri, mechanisms for promoting and enhancing good in nutrition in food pantries were identified. Constraints of lack of adequate cooking facilities in home of low-income people Minnesota and Texas.
3. Objective 3 focuses on identifying communities of interest to develop and test interventions to increase health. Food pantries in Missouri have been identified as sites for food and nutrition interventions. In Maryland, community stores in need of upgrading the foods they make available for consumers have been identified. In Texas additional schools interested in school gardening and horticulture/nutrition curriculum have been identified.

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